Marketing Strategies for Low-Income Customers Essay

Good old fashioned rock ‘n’ roll could be dead. If a mobile phone ringtone in the shape of the vocalizations of the animated Crazy Frog dominates the billboard charts for months on end, then it could well signal the death knell for the industry, and how it operates. If this ubiquitous amphibian’s aurally annoying song, converted from a mobile phone ringtone, outsold even mainstay acts such as Oasis and Coldplay, why should music companies invest millions in cultivating fresh musical talent, hoping for them to be the next big thing, when their efforts can be beaten by basic synthesizer music? The industry is facing a number of challenges that it has to address, such as strong competition, piracy, changing delivery formats, increasing cost pressures, demanding pri-madonnas and changing customer needs. Gone are the days when music moguls were reliant on sales from albums alone, now the industry trawls for revenue from a variety of sources, such as ringtones, merchandising, concerts, and music DVDs, leveraging extensive back catalogues, and music rights from advertising, movies and TV programming. The music industry is in a state of flux at the moment. The cornerstone of the industry—the singles chart—has been facing terminal decline since the mid-1990s. Some retailers are now not even stocking singles due to this marked freefall. Some industry commentators blame the Internet as the sole cause, while others point to value differences between the price of an album and the price of a single as too much. Likewise, some commentators criticize the heavy pre-release promotion of new songs, the targeting of ever-younger markets by pop acts, and the explosion of digital television music channels as root causes of the single’s demise. The day when the typical record buyer browses through rows of shelves for a much sought-after band or song on a Saturday afternoon may be thing of the past. Long-term success stories for the music industry are increasingly difficult to develop. The old tradition of A&R (which stands for ‘Artists & Repertoire’) was to sign, nurture and develop musical talent over a period of years. The industry relied on continually feeding the system with fresh talent that could prove to be the next big thing and capture the public imagination. Now corporate short-term thinking has enveloped business strategies. If an act fails to be an immediate hit, the record label drops them. The industry is now characterized by an endless succession of one-hit wonders and videogenic artist churning out classic cover songs, before vanishing off the celebrity radar. Four large music labels now dominate the industry (see Table 1), and have emerged through years of consolidation. The ‘big four’ labels have the marketing clout and resources to invest heavily in their acts, providing them with expensive videos, publicity tours and PR coverage. This clout allows their acts to get vital airplay and video rotation on dedicated TV music channels. Major record labels have been accused of offering cash inducements of gifts to radio stations and DJs in an effort to get their songs on playlists. This activity is known in the industry as ‘radio payola’. Consumer have flocked to the Internet, to download, to stream, to ‘rip and burn’ copyrighted music material. The digital music revolution has changed the way people listen, use and obtain their favourite music. The very business model that has worked for decades, buying a single or album from a high-street store, may not survive. Music executives are left questioning whether the Internet will kill the music business model has been fundamentally altered. According to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), it estimated that 8 million people in the UK are downloading music from the Internet—92 per cent of them doing so illegally. In 2005 alone, sales of CD singles fell by a colossal 23 per cent. To put the change into context, the sales of digital singles increased by 746.6 per cent in 2005. Consumers are buying their music through different channels and also listening to their favourate songs through digital media rather than through standard CD, cassette or vinyl. The emergence of MP3 players, particularly the immensely popular Apple iPod, has transformed the music landscape even further. Consumers are now downloading songs electronically from the Internet, and storing them on these digital devices or burning them onto rewritable CDs. Glossary of online music jargon Streaming: Allows the user to listen to or watch a file as it is being simultaneously downloaded. Radio channels utilize this technology to transmit their programming on the Internet. ‘Rip n burn’: Means downloading a song or audio file from the Internet and then burning them onto rewritable CDs or DVD. MP3 format: MP3 is a popular digital music file format. The sound quality is similar to that of a CD. The format reduces the size of a song to one-tenth of its original size allowing for it to be transmitted quickly over computer networks. Apple iPod: The ‘digital jukebox’ that has transformed the fortunes of the pioneer PC maker. By the end of 2004 Apple is expected to have sold 5 million units of this ultra-hip gadget. It was the ‘must-have item’ for 2003. The standard 20 GB iPod player can hold around 5000 songs. Other hardware companies, such as Dell & Creative Labs, have launched competing devices. These competing brands can retail for less than  £75. Peer-to-peer networks (P2P): These networks allow users to share their music libraries with other net users. There is no central server, rather individual computers on the Internet communicating with one another. A P2P program allows users to search for material, such as music files, on other computers. The program lets users find their desired music files through the use of a central computer server. The system works lime this; a user sends in a request for a song; the system checks where on the Internet that song is located; that song is downloaded directly onto the computer of the user who made the request. The P2P server never actually holds the physical music files—it just facilitates the process. The Internet offers a number of benefits to music shoppers, such as instant delivery, access to huge music catalogues and provision of other rich multi-media material like concerts or videos, access to samples of tracks, cheaper pricing (buying songs for 99p rather than an expensive single) and, above all, convenience. On the positive side, labels now have access to a wider global audience, possibilities of new revenue streams and leveraging their vast back catalogues. It has diminished the bargaining power of large retailers, it is a cheaper distribution medium than traditional forms and labels can now create value-laden multimedia material for consumers. However, the biggest problem is that of piracy and copyright theft. Millions of songs are being downloaded from the Internet illegally with no payment to the copyright holder. The Internet allows surfers to download songs using a format called ‘MP3’, which doesn’t have inbuilt copyright protection, thus allowing the user to copy and share with other surfers with ease. Peer to peer (P2P) networks such as Kazaa and Grokster have emerged and pose an even deadlier threat to the music industry—they are enemies that are even harder to track and contain. Consumers can easily source and download illegal copyrighted material with considerable ease using P2P networks (see accompanying box). A large number of legal download sites have now been launched, where surfers can either stream their favourite music or download it for future use in their digital libraries. This has been due to the rapid success of small digital medial players such the Apple iPod. The legal downloading of songs has grown exponentially. A la carte download services and subscription-based services are the two main business models. Independent research reveals that the Apple’s iTunes service has over 70 per cent of the market. Highlighting this growing phenomenon of the Internet as an official channel of distribution, new music charts are now being created, such as the ‘Official Download Chart’. Industry sources suggest that out of a typical 99p download, the music label get 65p, while credit card companies get 4p, leaving the online music store with 30p per song download. These services may fundamentally eradicate the concept of an album, with customers selecting only a handful of their favourite songs rather than entire standard 12 tracks. These prices are having knock-on consequences for the pricing of physical formats. Consumers are now looking for a more value-laden music product rather than simply 12 songs with an album cover. Now they are expecting behind the scenes access to their favourite group, live concert footage and other content-rich material. Big Noise Music is an example of one of the legitimate downloading sites running the OD2 system. The site is different in that for every  £1 download, 10p of the revenue goes to the charity Oxfam. The music industry is ferociously fighting back by issuing lawsuits for breach of copyright to people who are illegally downloading songs from the Internet using P2P software. The recording industry has started to sue thousands of people who illegally share music using P2P. They are issuing warnings to net surfers who are P2P software that their activities are being watched and monitored. Instant Internet messages are being sent to those who are suspected of offering songs illegally. In addition, they have been awarded court orders so that Internet providers must identify people who are heavily involved in such activity. The music industry is also involved heavily in issue advertising campaigns, by promoting anti-piracy websites such as www.pro-music.org to educate people on the industry and the impact of piracy on artists. These types of public awareness campaigns are designed to illustrate the implications of illegal downloading. Small independent music labels view P2P networks differently, seeing them as vital in achieving publicity and distribution for their acts. These firms simply do not have the promotional resources or distribution clout of the ‘big four’ record labels. They see P2P networks as an excellent viral marketing tool, creating buzz about a song or artist that will ultimately lead to wider mainstream and commercial appeal. The Internet is used to create communities of fans who are interested in their music, providing them access to free videos and other material. It allows independent acts the opportunity to distribute their music to a wider audience, building up their fan base through word of mouth. Savvy unsigned bands have sophisticated websites showcasing their work, and offering free downloads as well as opportunities for audio-philes to purchase their tunes. Alternatively major labels still see that to gain success one has to get a video on rotation on MTV and that this in turn encourages greater airplay on radio stations, ultimately leading to increased purchases.

Discretion in the Criminal Justice System Essay

Shifting the amount of discretion within our justice system could be for better or worse, but why fix something that’s not broken? Although most police officers use discretion, â€Å"Many police officers (and whole departments) prefer to focus on the justice aspects of police work: getting offenders off the streets, responding to emergencies, scoring big drug busts, and generally ‘catching the bad guys. ‘† (Fuller, J. R. Pg. 6. ) No matter how much discretion you give an officer, it’s ultimately their choice to use it. Although it is common throughout the criminal justice system, some authoritative figures don’t use discretion in a way to guide punishments; they stay in accordance with established guidelines. In my opinion, depending on the severity of the crime discretion should or should not be used. For example, discretion should be used for a first time offender for speeding but should not be used for a first time offender of rape. â€Å"The police are typically the first contact that young victims and delinquents have with the juvenile justice system. As with adults, law enforcement serves as the gatekeeper to the justice system. † (Fuller, J. R. Pg 17. ) It is extremely important for a police officer to make the decision of introducing a juvenile to the justice system. The responsibility for authorities to use discretion is crucial for a juvenile’s future. With adults, less discretion could be used because they have a greater sense of morals. In today’s society I have personally seen adults expect leniency just because, for example, they have a police organization bumper sticker. Enforcing the law for adults who are habitual offenders is necessary to uphold order. One can only push society and the law so far; at some point you must face the consequences. As we talked about in class, the 3-strike rule is a fair method of deciding who should be held accountable. â€Å"Three major studies were commissioned to examine police practices in detail and to update the 1931 Wickersham commission report (National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, 1971). These include the report of the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (1967) entitled The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society (1967), a report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), and a report of the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals (1973). Each of these commissions was a major undertaking by a large number of scholars and practitioners who focused on solving some of the problems in both policing and the criminal justice system as a whole. The commission reports include multiple proposals to tighten the controls over police discretion, including the use and abuse of force. † (Alpert, Dunham. Pg. 11. ) Whether for good or bad; laws shape citizen’s views of beliefs, actions and character. Unfortunately not all systems of morality and discretion are used properly. Discretion should be used in moderation and to preserve order in society, not used in excessive amounts to threaten the law’s purpose. In summary, I feel discretion is a necessity. With our overcrowded jails, police and judges need to use their training, insight and experience to keep the public safe from individuals that have no regard for the law. Bibliography * Alpert, Geoffrey P. ; Dunham, Roger G†¦ Understanding Police Use of Force: Officers, Suspects, and Reciprocity. West Nyack, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p 11. * Hagan, F. (2011). Ch 1. Essentials of Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology (pp. 1-45). New York, New York: Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition. * Fuller, J. R. (2008). Juvenile Delinquency – Mainstream and Crosscurrents. New York, New York: Prentice Hall, 1st edition. * Owen, S. S. (2012). Foundations of criminal justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

A Drug in A Box Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Drug in A Box - Research Paper Example The researcher states that the biomedical engineering field has for a long time experienced difficulties in relation to drug delivery and circulation in the body. However, origami, through simulation of DNA patterns, has proved to be a potential solution to the problem. While people previously practiced origami as a way of activating their brains, enhancing sequencing skills, eye-hand coordination, and mathematical reasoning, it is so appealing that today, it fosters biomedical reasoning and fervently contributes to the proficient and operational delivery of medical or health services. According to Erdmann and Barciszewski, medical and drug research have led to the creation or rather production of thousands of drugs that have revolutionized the treatment of infections including diabetes, cancer, and asthma. While drugs have the potential of changing the functioning of our bodies, the effectiveness of the drug, other than only being presented inapposite concentrations, depends on wher e it acts on, a more reason why paramedics strive to ensure that the drug reaches the targeted organs or spots. Moreover, the cell membrane is involved in the transfer of drugs as absorption, dissemination, and metabolism involves passage across the membrane. Other than the chemical characteristics and manner of administration of the drugs, the shape and molecular size of the drugs also affect its delivery in the body leading to delayed or hampered intended actions or reactions. The movement of drugs in the body is also significantly hampered by the intestinal epithelium, leading to drug wastage and consequently loss of lives as ailments persist without being refuted.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 25

Report - Essay Example Global oil prices significantly fell sharply over the past nine months and this lead to considerable reduction in revenue for many countries exporting the product. The prices have fallen from an all time high of $110 a barrel to a low of $60 a barrel, a significant difference if $50 for a barrel. The trend in the fall of price of oil per barrel is likely to continue as the produced countries have resisted attempts to reduce the production that may increase the price of oil. Economists point to the surge in the United States production and tame economic growth in many countries as the leading causes of the oil price fall. The dynamic nature of oil prices in history has often been linked to stock prices. The ultimate way to validate, the assertion that the stock prices can be the result of changes in oil prices is only through empirical research. Most of the research on the relationship between these two variables are normally in the Western developed countries, and yet oil forms a sig nificant part of the economy of the GCC countries (Alabdulwahab, 2008). The relationship between changes in oil prices and stock markets in GCC countries are important for other significant reasons, other than the one mentioned above. These reasons include the specific characters of their GCC stock markets demands a deep understanding of the underlying oil to equity market relationship (Asia, 2012). The Gulf Cooperation Council, formed in 1981, and it comprises the six countries of UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait (Arouri, Bellalah and Nguyen, 2011). This paper is a report that shall present the manner in which the changes in oil prices affect the performance of stock markets of the GCC countries Markets in the GCC have reacted sharply to the changes in the oil prices from July 214 to January this year. The last time the prices of oil peaked was September, and since that day the price of oil has fallen drastically by more than fifty

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contract Law - Essay Example The customer handling is a tactic that helps you in increasing the retention rates of the customers. The customer loyalty with your company can enhance your sales and helps in increasing your yearly turnover. These customer complaints when handle properly inform the organization what actually the customers wants in product, their needs and what changes they further want in your product or service. The importance of these complaints, requirements and ideas from the customers are very important due to the reason that the company actually serving these people. So these complaints are actually the customer voice that meant a lot for the organization. The after sale service of a company is important because customers may feel some problems while the usage of the product and dealing with problems may help in gaining their loyalty. These customers compliant handling is not only important to the sales and marketing department of the product launching compnay but also important for the servic e providing companies. The purpose of this article is to deals in importance of complaint handling within the retail FS UK market. We will consider that what problems actually the customer were facing and how the problem solving enhances their service market. In 2003 the life insurance company which was based in financial market of UK ... ancial market of UK paid the fine of 675,000 pounds due to their mortgage endowment complaints which were not handled properly by their service department. Similarly in 2004, the same Life Insurance Company paid the fine of 725,000 due to their bad handling of mortgage endowment complaints, which they were facing the last year. The only reason was that the company was unable to provide better services before and after the sale of their product and services. In 2005, High Street Bank paid the fine of 800,000 pounds due to their worst handling of customer complaints. In 2006, again the same Life Insurance Company paid the fine of 750,000. In 2007, IFA paid 330,000 of pounds as fine against worst compliant handling of their customers. These all fines which are paid by the companies mention above are the only reason of bad customer services they provide to the customers. These companies then need to take a deep look inside their customer relation services in order to know that what the r oot cause of the problem is. Where the main problem lies We try to search and find some issues which these companies lack and these were The financial service companies were fail to give efficient customer services as customer advisory department were failed to advise the customer the which service suit them most. The importance to the customer within the company wasn't matter when they first step in the company. The companies were unable to investigate deeply in order to know that where the company lacks or performing badly and the only reason was that they lack a sufficient communication level. The companies were unable to launch such systems and strategies that can improve the customer relations with their employee's and the reason was this that they actually don't know that where the

Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitutional Law - Essay Example One of the most significant differences, that is evident from the evaluation of the constitutions of the United States and the United Kingdom, is that one is codified and the other is not. The US constitution has a physical existence whereby it is written down and is accessible to virtually anybody in the US to refer to. Contrary to this, the UK constitution is regarded as being uncodified as it has not been formally established in a "bill of rights" format. However, these judgements of the constitutions are only accurate to a certain extent. The origins of both constitutions explain why they are different in structure due to the organic development of the UK constitution, comprised of conventions, acts and authoritative works, and the establishment of the US constitution in 1789 following the "years of weakness and chaos resulting from the pre-existing Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union which loosely bound the colonies together since 1778". However, although the UK consti tution is generally regarded as being unwritten, there is evidence to suggest that this is not entirely correct. For example, Walter Bagehot wrote a book entitled "The English Constitution", an authoritative work. However, the only problem with this was that the day after it was published an act was passed, immediately resulting in it being outdated. Similarly, any laws that are passed in Britain immediately become part of their constitution, which suggests that the UK constitution cannot be deemed as uncodified. We must first look at the fact the UK has parliamentary democracy, and has the monarchy as the head of state. When looking at the monarchy we must state that its powers are strictly limited by parliamentary sovereignty and by constitutional restraints, the monarchy has hardly any political role. The argument against this is there is hardly any restraint on the parliament itself, except before the time before an election, however the role of law states that all are equal under the law and the government must respect the laws when making decisions and taking action, this shows that there is a constitution, and the government recognises the fact that there are constitutional principles they must adhere too. However, parliamentary sovereignty means that parliament has ultimate political authority, it may not be overruled and can pass a law of any kind, yet it cannot pass laws that will require further parliaments to adhere too. However, there are arguments that under the British 'constitution' there is too much power within the hands of the central government, and especially the prime minister who can act under the royal prerogative, for example he can declare war without needing the parliament's approval. Also, the Collective Cabinet responsibility states that all ministers must not disagree with government policy in public; if they do they are likely to be dismissed or asked to resign. This proves that the government is too secretive and neglects to inform its citizens of many things, although the Freedom of Information act allows to citizens to see most information stored about them, it does not allow them to see everything. Although devolution has taken place in the sense of the Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Act, power is still too centralised, for example in the military forces, and it seems that there is insufficient

Discuss the changes to the American presidency during the terms of Essay

Discuss the changes to the American presidency during the terms of Theodore Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson - Essay Example The question is that since the Civil War through the very start of the twentieth century, the US Congress was the ultimate bearer of the seat of power (Miller Center 1). Thus, his expansion of the power was a focal point of his presidency. It was an enormous change in the democratic practice of the United States making the President the main figure fulfilled with the governmental power. Roosevelt is also well-known for his progressivism in dealing with the business and political structures throughout the country. His zeal toward reformation of the US performance in the world arena made him an outspoken peacemaker, as he negotiated on the Russo-Japanese end of war and was awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize respectively (Benson 7). However, another great contribution of Roosevelt is his devotion to the nature. In this respect he was driven by the need to conserve the natural resources as the most precious thing of the human-centered environment admitting the following statement:  "As I have said elsewhere, conservation of natural resources is the fundamental problem. Unless we solve this problem it will avail little to solve all others† (Cited in Benson 7). ... Being a follower of Roosevelt’s course of reforms, he took the lesson of peaceful manifestation on the part of the US government toward the nation and to the world on the whole. By the way, he initiated the adoption of the Civil-Service Reform which will â€Å"secure a larger wisdom in the adoption of policies† (Taft 131). It was really crucial for giving the nation a â€Å"refreshed† breath of air. Along with the strengthening of the Interstate Commerce Commission, he established Postal Savings Bank System (Taft 131). Thus, he paid more attention to the financial and consumer-related issues throughout the country. Moreover, due to his efforts to somehow relieve the taxation policies in the country, he could improve on the creation of the Sixteenth Amendment which â€Å"authorized the collection of federal income taxes, which could be collected largely from the wealthy† (Armstrong 187). It was a trust-busting progressive hit against the former tariff-cente red income taxes policy. Thus, in his progressive looks at the national economy, Taft was a peculiar follower of Roosevelt regarding the political line of the Republican Party and the improvement of the presidential seat as the most powerful executive body in the country. To say more, in the foreign policy, Taft provided the policy of â€Å"Dollar Diplomacy† increasing the development of underdeveloped countries in Latin America and Asia by favoring â€Å"increased American investment in the world as the major method for increasing American influence and stability abroad† (Armstrong 379). Hence, it made Taft a progressive initiator of the American dominance in the world. Woodrow Wilson Woodrow

Environmental Analysis of Gold Coast Theme Park Research Paper

Environmental Analysis of Gold Coast Theme Park - Research Paper Example Theme park facilities are services provided to customers. Traditionally, distribution channels are not a requirement of this business as revenue is generated through visitors who come in to catch some entertainment. In the recent era though, different distribution channels are coming up including conjoint branding activities or branding partnerships as is seen in the case of Volvo teaming up with Legoland, a theme park in California for their marketing activities. Likewise, current research journals on tourism industry suggest the following new mediums for distribution: Tourism is the driving factor of the economy of Gold Coast, contributing AUS $ 2.3 billion to the Gold Coast City's Gross Regional Product and providing employment to more than 40,000 people. The industry size can be determined by the fact that Gold Coast hosts as many as 78,000 visitors every day of which 80% are Australian nationals whereas a growing number is coming from New Zealand, UK, Japan, China, UAE & India. According to the official figures "The Gold Coast attracts 4.4 million tourists per year (9.9 million including day trippers) with a daily spend of $10.6 million". The entry barriers are low even if it requires a high level of investment (up to $ 110 million) to develop a theme park but the rates of returns are high. However, the high capital intensive nature of this business also means that the exit barriers are low since the investors do not want to leave their investment in search of more profitable options Phil Bartsch states in his article "Theme Parks enter the Digital Age' published in The Courier Mail, that the average annual revenue growth of 5 percent is forecast over the next several years in Australia's attractions industry. High level of competition and a monopoly like situation whereby Dream world has a leading position and retains it by offering competitive products in a wide income group span( from $ 5-$5000) High number of innovative products being offered by competitors Competitor Analysis Gold Coast boasts of as many as five big theme parks including the following:- Sea World Sea World Animal Adventures Sea World Helicopters Sea World Whale Watch Sea World Resort Wet 'n' Wild Water World Warner Bros Movie World Australian Outback Spectacular Paradise Country The Visitors, (Consumers) As mentioned earlier 80% of the visitors to Gold Coast are Australian nationals. Since the nature of business is strictly B2C (business to consumer), the customer does not have much power. The presence of other options in form of other amusement and theme parks provides more choice and gives the customers the power to choose. At present, there are no customer representative bodies. The Suppliers Apart from the supplier in their day to day operations including on the venue food suppliers, a Gold Coast theme park usually requires specialized vendors to suit the individual needs of their

Family Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Family Law - Essay Example Maria and Homer are not married and in order to apply for a protective order Part IV of the FLA Maria will have to come within the definition of â€Å"associated persons† as prescribed by the FLA (A Diduck., & F Kaganas., 2006). Section 62 of the FLA defines â€Å"associated persons† and section 62(3) expressly includes cohabitants within the definition of â€Å"associated persons†. Furthermore, section 62(1) (a) of the FLA defines â€Å"cohabitants† as being â€Å"a man and woman who, although not married to each other, are living together as husband and wife†, which is ultimately a question of fact (S Gore., 2007). If we apply this by analogy to Maria’s position, although Maria theoretically had a separate bedroom and in practice financially contributed to the bills and food, she did not pay rent as a lodger. Moreover, Maria and Homer had been dating for just over a year, had a sexual relationship, frequently slept together and shared a social life as a couple. As such, the factual circumstances clearly operate in Maria’s favour to indicate that she and Homer were both â€Å"cohabitants† for the purpose of falling under the FLA definition of â€Å"associated persons,† which leads us to consider the potential protective remedies available to Maria against Homer under the FLA. It is important to note at the outset that if Maria decides to seek relief under Part IV of the FLA, she can do so in as little as two days and in emergency situations, Section 45(1) of the FLA enables courts to make a non-molestation or occupation order without notice. At this stage, Homer would have no opportunity to reply to Maria’s application, however he would have an opportunity as soon â€Å"just and convenient† at a full hearing (Section 45(3)). Such ex-parte applications are determined with regard to the circumstances of the case, including an assessment of the risk of

The African-American Odyssey Essay Example for Free

The African-American Odyssey Essay The emancipation of the African slave who was now disconnected from their traditions and way of life after nearly 300 years, is seemingly a great gush from the dam to the ebbs and flows of the struggle. The end of slavery as we know it, presented a ball of mixed emotions among the nation; North and SOUTH. Some slaves were grossly ecstatic to be free. For example, when a slave girl named Caddy, from Goodman, Mississippi found she was free, went to her mistress, flipped up her dress and told her Kiss my ass! On the contrary, some slaves were apprehensive of being free. For example, one elderly slave woman reportedly said, I ain no free nigger! I is got a marster and mistiss! Dee right dar in de great house. Ef you don believe me, you go dar an see. Though most slaves were detached from their families, many managed to regroup and find their love ones after their emancipation and constructed close knit families. Land was an viable means of survival in the minds of newly freedmen and the government was eager to deem lands to the ex-slaves . On January 16, 1865, General William T. Sherman told the freedmen that they will receive the land they were in search of. They were granted the head of each family would receive possessory title to forty acres of land. Sherman also gave the use of Army mules, thus giving rise to the slogan, Forty acres and a mule. Similarly in 1862 the Union military set aside land in Port Royal, South Carolina, which became known as the Port Royal experiment. The freedmen bureau was created to aid newly freed slaves in the transition from bondage to freedom in 1865. After Lincolns assassination the succession of his Vice president, Andrew Johnson, to the presidency meant that the white owners of the lands, that were given to the freedmen, would be returned. Sharecropping became a sort of ebb in the river of the African-American progression as far as freedom was concerned. Presented as labor contracts by white land owners, the institution of slavery was extended under a cloud of debt. In which, the black family, oft times became debtors due to the lack of honesty on the account of their white lender. Aside from family, among African-Americans, the black church became the most important institution. Not only did it fill deep spiritual and inspirational needs, it offered enriching music, provided charity and compassion to those in need, developed community and political leaders, and was free of white supervision. With the end of slavery, blacks who then had to attend services with white parishioners who treated them as second class Christians, could now organize and attend their own churches. The advent of the black church definitely brought about a flow in the river of struggle for African-Americans. Education was another flow in the river of struggle and a critical means of survival amongst people of color. It coincided alongside freedom. All who were versed in education of all sorts were summoned to teach the freedmen and their children. Teachers from all walks showed. Classes were held in churches, old slave markets, stables, taverns, homes, and former slave cabins. Funding came from various religious and political organizations and the Freedmens Bureau. Although white teachers helped a bit, black teachers were praised throughout the negro community because, as Rev. Richard H. Cain said , We must take into our own hands the education of our race Honest, dignified whites may teach ever so well, but it has not the effect to exalt the black mans opinion of his own race, because they have always been in the habit of seeing white men in honored positions, and respected. Most colleges and universities for blacks taught elementary and secondary level curriculum. The introduction of the historically black colleges and universities was formed from the idea of a higher education for people of color. In the midst of the newfound freedom, religious organization, and education of Negroes which was an obvious flow, a reoccurring ebb presented itself in the form of violence. Justice for the black man was never considered in those times. Thousands of innocent African-Americans were heinously murdered without a single conviction of a white perpetrator whom committed the acts. Atop the murders, black towns, businesses, churches, and schools were destroyed at the hands of the angry white southerners. The Failure of Reconstruction For the first time ever in history, a group of black men had concurrently became politicians. They were joined by the carpetbaggers of the north and the scalawags of the south in the Republican constituency. Of the 1,000 men elected as delegates to the ten state conventions, 265 were black. Collectively, they drafted new, striking constitutions that, unlike the previous constitutions, allowed all men to vote; even the ex-Confederates. Although, the Republicans displayed compassion upon their dealings with their opponents, the unruly Southern ego rose once more against the ratification of the new constitutions. In due course, the majority did manage to ratify and in each state, black men were elected to offices. As time progressed, nearly 1,500 black men were in office around the throughout the south. Among those were the likes of Blanche K. Bruce, Hiram R. Revels, Joseph Rainey, Jonathan J. Wright, Francis L. Cardozo, Robert Smalls, and Ferdinand Havis. This was a flow that led to inevitable ebb in the river of fight for African-Americans. That ebb presented itself in the form of the gradual failure of reconstruction. Issues such as education, social welfare, civil rights, land, and businesses plagued the Republican frame of thought daily. The black leaders efforts to facilitate education throughout the black and poor white communities failed overall. Lack of funds is the greatest blame for the inconsistency. At the time, there were no segregation laws, but whites refused to let their children go to school with blacks. Though a valid effort amongst African-Americans was given toward civil rights, they did not receive the respect that every other law abiding citizen received. For example, they were not accommodated at hotels and on public transportation, nor were they served as paying customers at various businesses. The blacks who worked for the white landowners were being cheated daily as if they were still in captivity. White employers would either fire the worker before the harvest or make up outlandish fees and debts. Some just didnt pay at all! Black leaders grew tired of the robbery and made laws to eliminate such happenings. The distribution of land amongst landless, yeomen, farmers didnt happen in any other state but South Carolina. Over fourteen thousand black families and a few white families, received land. Black businesses, unfortunately, did not and could not flourish due to the lack of funds during the expanding of the railroad. Other businesses made handsome amounts of profit but the African-American business owners could not cash in. Black politicians laid the foundation for public assistance, education, criminal justice reform but, could not do anything that directly dealt with their people. Reason being, was that they were the minority in the Republican party and in fact, were not allowed to ratify their own agenda. Besides, they couldnt agree on most things because they came from different walks of life. Bickering throughout the Republican party sparked a high turnover in political leadership and the loss of that very economic security? This made for inexperienced leadership and added to Republican woes. Opposition came to the party in various ways; Such as, the conservative Democrats who continued to heckle blacks who in any way participated in the political process and the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan, was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866, by ex-confederate soldiers who were hell-bent on eradicating and/ or terrorizing anyone who didnt submit to southern culture. They used any means necessary to remove blacks from politics. The Enforcement Act of 1870 was passed to prohibit Klansmen from wearing their regalia in public and protected the civil rights of black citizens. The following year the Ku Klux Klan Act was passed and it made the interference of a persons right to vote, hold office, jury duty and equal protection a federal offense. The fifteenth amendment was passed in 1869, and later ratified in 1870. It clearly expressed the right to vote to all citizens but failed to address the literacy tests, property possession rule, or the poll tax that continued to plague voters. Radical Republicans and northern whites alike grew exhausted with the dependency of blacks, (as they saw it) and looked upon them as unfit to be involved in the political system. They thought that reconstruction had been a mistake. The Freedmens Bank was founded in 1865 and done well until the white board of directors foolishly invested in Washington, D. C. real estate. The Panic of 1873 brought about a significant loss in unsecured railroad loans. As a result, the bank closed in 1874. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was an act of good intentions, yet it was ruled unconstitutional by U. S. Supreme Court Justice Joseph Bradley who, wrote that the Fourteenth Amendment protected black people from discrimination by states but not by private businesses. The end of Reconstruction was as brutal and contentious as the beginning. Blacks refused to vote in response to the terrorism inflicted upon them by the southern Democrats. The withdrawal of the federal troops that were to protect the rights of colored people left the black citizens with no means of defense and they therefore had to bow down to the numerous massacres that were to occur. The compromise of 1877, in which, Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Haynes, ran for the presidency, brought about more violence towards blacks and grew worse as time passed.

Employee Motivation As A Hotel Industry Factor Tourism Essay

Employee Motivation As A Hotel Industry Factor Tourism Essay Motivation of employees is not a new phenomenon, however very little attention paid to him.  The major and most successful companies are svjestne importance of human factors in their organization, but, unfortunately, is much more smaller and not so successful that profit only the vision, mission and sole objective.  Many people are not thinking and not thinking about ways to enable them to profit, and abuse of the man and his knowledge and skills has never been respected, nor will it.  Loss of employee loyalty is the result of failure to comply with the individuality of employees, their desires and needs. How important is the motivation of employees, particularly in the hotel industry, will be explained in the following presentation. For the poptpunije treatment given topic, will be given an adequate theoretical basis in the first part, where he will talk about motivation as a concept, the process of motivation, original and contemporary theories of motivation, usually applied motivatorima, link between employee motivation and human resource management, and related  between the employees motivation and leadership. The second part will be arguments about the specifics of the hotel product and the motivation of employees as a factor of success in the hotel industry. The third part will respond specifically to the given topic and show how a successful company, Hit Montegro, motivate employees in your hotel, Maestral, which gives an advantage, as the concept develops and determines the business and what this hotel stands out from all others, not only  in Montenegro, but also beyond. Part I theoretical foundation 1.  MOTIVATION definition, division, the process of motivation Motivation is a complex area of human behavior.  The term motivation comes from the Latin word moves, which means movere; move. Under the motivation we podrazumijevati sum of factors that influence people to behave in a certain way, and especially to invest a certain efforts to achieve or accomplish something. The economic system of business motivation is hidden inside the driving force behind overall economic pattern that connects and arranges the target all economic efforts and integrate them into one whole.  In the process, motivation is manifested as the main driving force of creation. Work motivation is a system of methods, procedures and actions which encourages, directs, and reinforces the behavior of certain employees, in order to realize a larger and more favorable results. Basic assumptions about the motivation: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation is a positive people feel good only if they are motivated. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation is one of the factors that influence the behavior of individuals.  Other factors: capacity, resources, working conditions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation is always less than sufficient and should be periodically renewed.  Time can be lost. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation is the means by which managers can relate to offices in the organization. Motivation can be: subjective and objective. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Subject motivation is defined in two forms: moral motivation of workers (conscience, responsibility, pride, ambition, knowledge, etc.). Materjalna and motivation (interest in the job, salary, stimulation, etc.).. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Objective motivation occurs at the level of the firm, on its reputation, strengthen, and similar recognition.  ie.  If you contribute to the reduction of the higher entropy of the system (firm). Speaking of motivation, we can not to speak about human needs.  The need is expressed through a lack of something and is associated with goals.  Therefore, the need is internal, external and objective aspects of motivation The process of motivation the process of meeting the individual needs of employees, consists of several stages: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees identify their needs which is what it lacks and what he wants to achieve? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Looking for ways to meet the needs deficiency creates a kind of anxiety, and he seeks a way to eliminate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ strives to achieve the goals which reduces the need à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ act appropriately à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To get the reward or punishment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Re-evaluates its needs Satisfaction is often in the literature and in empirical research identifies with the concept of motivation.  These two terms are certainly related in large measure are mutually conditional, but undoubtedly is to be different. Under the satisfaction of employees involves the subjective evaluation of the degree of satisfaction that derives from the personal assessment of their satisfaction with various aspects of belonging to the organization.  And so happy employees pijre primarily related to the perception of employees and the extent to which they met their motives and above all the motives that are perceived as important for their involvement.  Best illustrates the differences following chart: (motivation,result,satisfaction) Chart 1st  The difference between motivation and satisfaction Source: Developed author If you are motivated enough for the job you do, it will certainly affect your final performance.  After a job well done following the feeling of satisfaction. 2.  THEORIES OF MOTIVATION   A large number of theories of motivation which, in fact, complementary to one another.  The following table provides a list of major theories.   Table 1  Theories of motivation   Name Type theory theories theorist and /   Theories instrumentalnosti Tejlorizam Teylor (1911)   Theories content theory hijararhije needs Maslow (1954)   ERG Theory Alderfer (1972)   Managerial theories need McClelland (1973)   Two-factor model of Herzberg (1957)   Theory X and Y McGregor (1960)   Theories of goal setting process theory Latham and Locke (1979)   The theory of equality Adams (1965)   Theory expectations Vroom, Porter and Lawer (1964, 1968)   Learning theory Bandura (1977)   Source: Michael Armstrong, Armstrongs handbook of human resource management, 11th ed., Kogan Page, London, 2009, p.319   As you notice, there are three kinds of theories of motivation in which:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Theories instrumentalnosti belong to the original theory of motivation   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Theories of content are also in the original theory of motivation   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Theories are in the process of modern theories of motivation   Theories instrumentalnosti bazraju the attitude that people are motivated to work through reward and punishment.  One of the major theories instrumentalnosti is called.  Tejlorizam, which is named after its founder, Taylor, who wrote:   It is impossible for any extended period of time, to encourage their employees to work more than others, the ordinary that surround them, if you are not sure to check a large and permanent wage increases.   This theory is still widespread and can be successful under certain circumstances.  However, its use is ignored other human needs and disturb the relations among the employees.   Theories of content based on the attitude that people do to meet their needs.  As an important aside the following:   Hierarchy of needs theory (Maslow) in every human being there are five primary needs that meet the hierarchical order:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ physiological food, water, shelter and all.  bodily needs   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ security physical and emotional safety and protection   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Social belonging, love, friendship, acceptance by others   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ respect self-esteem, status in society, recognition of environmental   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ samoaktuelizacija development and progress, potential exploitation of personal fulfillment and inner satisfaction with them.   The first two groups are the needs of lower-order and meet the external mechanisms (salary), and the other three were of a higher order and satisfy the internal mechanisms (attitudes, values, expectations).  The role has motivatora Unmet needs, which, when it takes satisfy the needs.  This theory has not been verified numerous empirical studies and criticized because of too much generalization.  Namely, different people have different priorities and it is difficult to accept Maslovljevu hijararhiju needs.   ERG Theory (Alderfer) predicts three types of basic needs:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ existential needs the basic material necessary Poreba every man for life.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the need connection the desire of people for the realization of interpersonal relations   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ development needs the desire for personal development, training and advancing   Alderfer abolished the hierarchy of needs and claims that it can simultaneously satisfy multiple needs.  When it comes to frustration due to inability to meet the needs on one level, increases the desire to satisfy the needs of another and, often, lower level.   McClelandova theory of needs, the needs of managerial theory focuses on three types of needs:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ need for achievement striving for success and greater achievements in relation to existing standards.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the need for power the desire for influence and control over others.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the need for merging the desire to be loved and accepted by others.   This theory assumes that successful managers who have a high need for power and personal success without the desire for merging.   Two-factor model Motivation-hygiene theory (Herzberg) based on the assumption that the individual attitude of employees towards work determines success or failure of work.   Factors that influence job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are the following:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivatori related to the work itself (job, recognition, promotion) and meet the needs of the individual to prove their own.  These are the factors that cause lack of satisfaction to those that cause pleasure.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Kontestualni factors factors of working environment, environment, hygiene factors, which act as prevention to prevent dissatisfaction.  This is a set of factors than those that cause frustration to those who do not cause dissatisfaction.   On the positive motivation may affect only the first group, while another can only reduce dissatisfaction, but not increase satisfaction.   The opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction, but the lack of satisfaction, and vice versa.So, just motivatorni factors contribute to job satisfaction, and only factors contest discontent.   Theory X and Y (McGregor) starts from two different assumptions about human nature: the negative X-and Y-positive.   Theory X assumes that the behavior of employees Guided needs of lower order.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees do not like to work and izbjegavaĆ¡e work whenever possible   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ must be force to work under the threat of punishment   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ avoid responsibility and seek precise directives from their bosses   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They have little ambition and their safety comes first   Theory Y assumes that the behavior of employees Guided needs a higher order:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees understand the business as a natural need for such leave   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dedicated to the tasks and training   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They are ready to accept responsibility   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ are able to make decisions and they need povjeravati responsible and challenging jobs.   Theories of the process (the modern theory) focus on the psychological processes that affect motivation.  Process theories are certainly more useful to managers of the theories of motivation because it gives concrete instructions for the application of motivational methods.   The theory of goal setting (Latham and Locke) motivate employees three mechanisms:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Specific and clearly set goal difficult but achievable attainable, because it is in human nature and the need to prove self.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Feedback on achieving set targets people want to be informed of how well that worked and the results achieved.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Participation of employees in setting goals increases their motivation, efficiency and confidence.   Equity theory (Adams) one in the organization expects that efforts to win the same prize as well as his colleagues who performed the same job.   When employees believe that they made wrong comes to the creation of tension (not so much effort into the entrance of their work as before, consider that spend too much time, give notice).     Expectations theory (Vroom, Porter and Lawer) developed a situational model of motivation that explains why one and the same person makes various efforts in different situations.  Vroom argued that there are two factors that determine the effort that employees invest in their work, the first the value of individual awards that would enable them to meet their needs related to security, autonomy, samoaktuelizaciju, and another the likelihood that the amount of awards depend, in fact,  of individual effort.   Porter and Lawer complement this theory and created a new model where the motivation will, in addition to the effort, the final performance of the employees affected and: knowledge and skills and the expected role (what employees want to work and what is expected of them to work).   Chart 1st  Motivation Model Porter and Lower   Source: Michael Armstrong, Armstrongs handbook of human resource management, 11th ed, Kogan Page, London, 2009, p.326   Learning theory (Bandura) emphasis is on learning to adapt behavior.  Behavior which withdraws the award will be repetitive, and it pulls you avoid penalty.  The consequences of past behavior influence the future actions of employees.  Model behavior of employees is reflected in the following: a stimulus response a result future reactions.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managers can influence employees to change behavior: support, avoidance, lack of support, or punishing, with respect to some rules:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Do not reward all equally, but the performance   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Clearly tell people what to do to be rewarded   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Be sure to tell what sins   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Do not punish the others   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Be fair.   3.  Employees motivation and human resource management   Link between employee motivation and human resource management best illustrated in the following diagram.   Chart 3rd  The influence of individual effectiveness in human resource management   Source: Robert Mathis and John Jacson, Human Resource Management, 11th ed, Thomson South-Western, USA, 2008, p.81   From the individual, negovih knowledge and skills, motivation and support they receive from the company you work for, and the nature of the business depends on the job satisfaction, employee loyalty to the company, productivity, quality and service.   The above variables are used for measuring the effectiveness of human resource management.   Namely, if the employee is not motivated enough, it will first be reflected in his performance, then all other variables, so therefore the effectiveness of human resource management be in the lower level, and vice versa.   4.  MOTIVATORI   Motivatori are things that come to pojedninca activities or methods which can reconcile the conflicting needs or to emphasize a need in the way that it is assigned priority over other needs. They are the kind of instruments that would strengthen the desire for some achievement, and beyond that to achieve satisfaction, and the means through which to influence the behavior of people.  Motivatori most commonly used are:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Money   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Security of employment   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ allocation of interesting tasks   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The public attribution of merit   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The possibility of training   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The possibility of progress   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Participation in decision-making   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The quality of working environment   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ self etc..   5.  Employees motivation and leadership   Using different motivatora to successful motivation of employees in the first row is determined motivacijiskim abilities or samomotivacijom manager.  Namely, the concept of motivation is closely linked to the notion of leaders, team leaders, organizations, companies.  A leader in 21.v.  primarily motivator.  Howard Gardner, professor at Harvard in his work, Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership defines leaders:   The leader is rarely more individuals, or individuals who significantly influence the thoughts, feelings and / or behavior of a large number of individuals.   On the other hand, the great leaders of today were not in their positions that they did not have strong enough motivation to constantly improve and successfully build your career.   One of the greatest leaders of all time, Napoleon Bonaparte was said:   Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal   Leadership = MOTIVATION   LEADER = motivator   PART II employees motivation as a factor of success in a hotel INDUSTRY   Advance one that gives a little more and a little better.   Ellsworth Statler (1863 1928)   One of the founders of hotel industry, Ellsworth Statler, the success achieved by the introduction of standards in their hotels, which could provide better quality services at a reasonable price.  He was a great innovator and racionalizator.  The first is to realize the importance of hotel staff: their looks (introduced uniforms), behavior (introduced a Code of Conduct) and knowledge (he founded the Foundation for Education of catering professionals and scientists, and financial help today in the world famous university education hotel administration and hotel management  Cornell Hotel School, Itaca, New York).  Stimulate the workers, allowing the purchase of shares of any hotel in a certain amount, with the allowance of the salary.   In addition to the above sentence, which with strong reasons, the author opens his presentation, he often spoke to employees: The guest is always right!  He pays you and me!    It is clear that the hotel industry has developed precisely for reasons to satisfy the needs and desires of the guest and can not in any case to ignore its importance.  However the question of whether the guest is still a key link in the hotel in 21.vijeku?   Let us start from the well-known marketing concepts:   Needs, requirements, desires and satisfaction of guests in the first place!   Prove that the set theory valid.   Hotel is primarily obliging activity and as such has its own specifics that arise from the specific characteristics of services in relation to the products.  And they are:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ intangibility,   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ indivisibility an integral part of its consumer services, ie.  consumer a guest of the hotel.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Kvarljivost services can not be stored, empty hotel facilities can not be compensated by good or excellent popunjenoÃ…Â ¡Ãƒâ€žÃ¢â‚¬ ¡u in the following time period.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Variability conditioned by the fact that the subjective factor or a factor crucial for the quality of the man of realization.  The service is Neponovljiva, such as the role of actor in theater boards, it can be on the high level of quality that satisfies customers, but never all the elements in the process of delivery and consumption can no longer repeat.  Simultaneity consumption and provision of services through the interaction of both sides creates a unique atmosphere.   Psycho-physical characteristics of the service providers can significantly cause satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the consumer, regardless of technical, organizational and technological quality of the service segments.  Because of this, the focus quality is transferred to vrÃ…Â ¡itelje services, catering and hotel management staff.  It is important to determine the quality of standards (rules which determine the elements of quality staff in the hotel: the knowledge, skills, experience, appearance, behavior ).  But not enough to meet the standards to achieve competitive advantage in a very turbulent market, what is a tourist.  Guest looking for something more!  Guest search experience!  And this is one of the leading trends that says UNWTO Change from Service to expirience!  Interior, exterior, luxury, luxury, artificial smile   are no longer of crucial importance.  The main trump card of successful hotel in 21.v.  man.   Employees are in the hotel, you love your job and you are satisfied with the performance that you provide?  Masters the necessary skills and knowledge?  As guests, we will see, feel, that to enjoy and of course, be back again, but this time with hrpom friends!   We conclude:   The guest is satisfied if the providers of content services.   These reject the thesis that the home needs, requirements, desires and satisfaction RATING in the first place!  Already perform a new conclusion:   Needs, requirements, desires and satisfaction of employees are in the first place.   And from the above results:   Satisfied employees = employees motivated?   And just the motivation of employees is a key factor for success in all spheres of social life and work, especially in idnustriji hotel where guest satisfaction largely depends on the satisfaction of employees in the hotel.  Sometimes it is possible and the big technical flaws nadomjestiti beautiful gestures of employees, but the latest and most expensive technology, luxury and grandeur can not nadomjestiti unkindness and coldness of the staff will (not) was available during your stay.   A hotel company to motivate its employees, we will see the following example.   PART III practical EXAMPLE   6.MOTIVACIJA EMPLOYEES AS A FACTOR success HOTEL MAESTRAL   Is the set theoretical foundation found application in the local hotel industry?   The answer we seek in the hotel Mistral and also reveal why years ago Hit Montenegro, which owns the hotel, the leading company in the tourist market in Montenegro and beyond.   Hotel Mistral (hereinafter only the mistral or a hotel) do not have much to present.  Just the name tells us a lot.   Mistral is the son of a very good, very good, the luxury, prestige.  Accordingly, you will always be able, during your stay at the hotel, meet many people who have reached their professions so.  Top of the pyramid.   Question: Why?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when only the hotel building, its exterior, interior and not drawn luxury?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when the accommodation units (rooms) in general are not so large that guests can enjoy?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when the rooms still no plasma TVs?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when all the rooms still have Internet access?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when a cup of coffee exude more humility than the refinement?   But the most important issue only follows:   Why, despite the above, all hotel guests coming back again, even for the same amount of money can get a spacious room, more beautiful towels ?   Answer:   Because they are satisfied with experience and treatment given to them in the hotel!   Because unlike other hotels, the hotel Mistral has a soul.   Soul Maestral make its employees, whereby it is important to emphasize all employees of higijeniÄ arke to Executive Director.   We arrive to a new thesis:   Guests of the hotel Mistral are satisfied.   Return to the thesis of the previous section:   The guest is satisfied if the providers of content services.   Satisfied employee = motivated employee!   With certainty we can conclude:   Staff at the hotel Mistral motivated.   The aforementioned conclusion shall be taken as a starting point the thesis that the next exposure to be adequately argued.   7.  BUSINESS STRATEGY   As evidence that the employees, their motivation, but considerations when creating a strategy, defining the vision, mission and strategic goals, the next presentation will be separated only fragments of importance for this work.   Business idea of the company as follows:   With knowledge, marketiÃ…Â ¡kim thinking and professional approach we offer a high level of service and make good business results in the hotel complex, which allows our guests accommodation, dice, entertainment, recreation, enogastronomske pleasures and good conditions for business activities.   Objectives and plans of the hotel were based, and today is based, among others the following setting:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ attractiveness, innovation, expertise, kindness, and create nadstandarnom offer the advantage ahead of the competition and achieve the return of guests   One of the very high goals and requirements that the company has set before him as follows:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the company offers full-time staff employment, adequate wages, the possibility of development, education, training and career   High standard and the company has set a vision and high expectations of the management company and some of them are:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hotel Mistral house will be satisfied, creative, motivated and professionally competent staff, which will continually increase revenues, value additions and visit hotels.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hotel Mistral will represent one of the pearls of the tourist offer of Montenegro and as such would represent an example of successful investments in tourism to the satisfaction of owners, employees, narrower and wider community.   In accordance with the above specified, the company is set by among others the following strategic objectives:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ permanent investment in staff development (knowledge, motivation, affiliation)   8.  COMPANY ETHICS   Nowadays the competitiveness of the organization, its reputation, and thus its business success are inseparable from ethics.  It can be said that ethics is the foundation of successful companies and management that relies on trust.  Companies in which the rule of justice and fairness are often companies that respect ethical principles.  A way that employees see a significant impact on the fairness of the organization.  Sense of fairness is associated with greater commitment to employees, the higher degree of satisfaction, which is based on the organization, business, leaders, and conduct that reflects a sense of belonging to the company. This company is exactly Hit Montenegro.  Mistral its reputation gained primarily fostering the right values and good application of the Code of Ethics.   It may sound contradictory, if we note that the largest part of the profits from the casino collected mistral.  But I do not need much pojaÃ…Â ¡njavati.  Ask one why casino players will soon decide to invest their money in Maestralov casino, and not in another, perhaps better equipped.   The answer lies in business ethics, codes of ethics and employees who implement.   Working in such an environment, where you know you will not mislead anyone, where all will be as clear as day, is really a big driver of your energy, you surely will not spare to spend in the job at hand.   9.  Strict LABOR LAW   Professionalism in the hotel Mistral is reflected, inter alia, in strict compliance with the law on paper.  It can happen that you start work, and that you are not previously signed a contract with the employer.   FasciniraĆ¡e you the following story from practice: Seasonal worker came fully prepared, just in time to his position for the first time.  That day was supposed to sign the contract.  Through the half-hour lawyer appeared with the words: Excuse me please, now I saw that the director did not sign a contract, and is absent.  Can you come tomorrow he comes today and the contract will be ready in the morning?  Sorry again, but I think its wrong to do, and do not have a signed contract, you agree?  Of course.    The said employee is satisfied on the first day that really work for professionals, as his nagovjeÃ…Â ¡tavali earlier.   Further.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Iplata monthly benefits to all employees every fifteenth of the month.  Deviations were not, and theres not likely that delayed payments to employees or not that month, expressed with one decimal digit, is 0.1%.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ UraÄ unaĆ¡e you and overtime work, night work, work during the holidays, work on Sundays.You and paid travel expenses and meals at the hotel.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If you are a seasonal worker, you will be provided accommodation in nearby hotels.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Paid you life and health insurance.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Business book you filled and safe.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ You have two free days a week and the right to annual leave and the right to paid sick leave.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ All your rights foreseen by the law on work, safety and employment contract have been met at every opportunity.   SloÃ…Â ¾iĆ¡ete is that rare company in Montenegro, especially in the hotel, which apply this system work, which, logically, employees fully responsible.  And this is one more reason to stay in Maestral and not iznevjere trust.   10.  Fee and gratuity   Results of the survey, which was conducted a few years ago one of the employees in the hotel Mistral, showed that approximately 70% zaposelnih declared that their main motive for work is not salary.   However, should podcijenjivati importance of monetary compensation.  Bearing in mind that the hotel has a high occupancy rate throughout the year, and that primarily comes to the casino hotel, the hotel employees are well paid, which gives a good basis for the investment of additional effort and better results.   Wages are not only monetary income of employees in the hotel.  From two to three times a year all employees have a raise, as a form of additional stimulus.   If your job requires direct contact with guests, it is quite certain that you will leave a tip, which can sometimes be higher than your monthly salary.  It is understood that you will not get a tip if you have left a negative impression on the guests, whether your neljubaznoÃ…Â ¡Ãƒâ€žÃ¢â‚¬ ¡u or non-professionalism.  But, as you care to maintain good relations with colleagues, you share tips.This is one of nepisanih rules and actually proved successful in practice.  At the end of the day you and your associates happy.   11.  OTHER BENEFITS   Public represents an important part of almost every employee compensation and they are determined as indirect monetary or non-pecuniary compensation that employees receive because they continue to work for the company.  The financial compensation was the word in the previous chapter, and that all the Mistral provides more benefits to their employees we will see from the next exposure.   The last two years for the new year, all employees had the opportunity to do a certain period of use by one Thai massage.  All employees have certain discounts at partner hotels, Montenegro Airlines.  Fee in the union, two times a year to receive packages with food.  Union also provides benefits in some hotels during the winter / summer months.   12.  STAND MANAGER TO EMPLOYEES   Peter Drucker says, They are not workers, they are people. A manager should be treats people with dignity is respect.   Already during the introduction to your superiors conclude that the word of professionals who know their job well and who is ready to help and to teach.  Through a friendly conversation, in his office, in the conference room or an aperitif in the bar, we introduce the vision, m

Our Children :: social issues

Our Children My Testimony and Message to America and the World Hello my Brothers and Sisters in the Lord, past and now . . . It was the year 1986 and the month of June when my life was forever changed. The Kentucky Court System sentenced me to 25 years and life, which means that I will have to serve 25 years in prison before I can be considered for parole on a life sentence. I was convicted on murder and robbery charges and this was my first time coming to prison. I do accept full responsibility for my crimes. One night alone in my cell, I began to search myself and ask for mercy, and I repented in the name of Jesus Christ and became wonderfully and marvelously forgiven and saved. AMEN! Today my dream, vision, and goal is to get out of prison and travel all over the United States of America and the world. I would like to preach in the churches and speak in the youth centers and school systems to address the problem we face in this wicked world. â€Å"I waited patiently for the Lord and he inclined unto me, and heard my cry.† â€Å"He brought me up also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry clay and set my feet upon a rock and established my goings.† â€Å"And he hath put a new song in my mouth, even praise unto our God and I have peace and love in my heart today in the name of Jesus Christ.† HALLELUJAH! Praise His Holy Name! As we all know, life comes with trials and tribulations and they tend to challenge our inner strength. I am obligated to put self aside and do God’s will today in America and the World. It is not about Brother Jones and his situation, it’s about our young people. They need our love and support because we have so many young people coming to prison today and the prison system in America is not the answer for our children. They should not have to travel the same road that I have traveled and it is very important that we address and arrest this problem. Let me talk briefly about the prison system and the laws that have been legislated over the past decade or at least as long as I have been in prison doing time with Jesus Christ.

Parthenon as a Paragon Essay -- History, Ancient Greece

In the time of Ancient Greece, the Parthenon was the epitome of all Greek temples, possessing desired traits from hut-like temples, the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, and other temples. All the column styles were established in 6th century BCE, but the styles were named afterwards (Spawforth 62). The chief column styles of Greek temple building were Doric and Ionic, and they were named in the 5th century BCE (Spawforth 62). The Corinthian column style was named in the 4th century BCE (Spawforth 62). Doric columns from the 4th century BCE are skinnier than the 6th century BCE columns (Spawforth 62). The â€Å"Aeolic† column, related to the Ionic column, was developed by the Aeolian Greeks (Spawforth 62). The Ionic and Aeolic columns has scrolls at the top, but only the Aeolic column’s scrolls spring outwards in a vertical direction, making it unique from the Ionic column (Spawforth 62). The Doric columns were created by the Dorians; the Ionic columns were created by the Ioni ans (Jenkins 15, 17). Each column consists of a column, base, shaft, capital, and entablature. The entablature consists of the architrave, frieze, and cornice (Summerson). The Romans used columns as ornaments, but the Greeks used the columns for structural stability (Summerson). The Parthenon was a Doric temple (Spawforth 64). The Parthenon was the centerpiece of acropolis renewal (Jenkins 76). The marble is from Mount Pendelikon (Jenkins 76). The Parthenon is a culmination of long tradition (Jenkins 28). The Parthenon is the Romantic Symbol of a cultural age; it is viewed with great fondness and nostalgia in the Western civilizations’ cultural memory (Nardo 12). The Parthenon is not at ground level; it stands on a three step stylobate (Corbett). In the 6th century, the ... ...olis). The reconstruction of the faà §ade of the Temple of Apollo at Thermon, due to the unpleasant front side of the temple, ended in 500BCE (Nardo 19). Stone replaced the Temple at Thermon’s wooden entablature and columns in the 600s to keep it from weakening further (Nardo 19). If this issue had left untended, it would have led to the place of worship’s eventual collapse. The Temple of Apollo at Thermon was one of the few temples of its time on Ancient Greece that was solid enough to uphold a tiled roof (Nardo 19). The tiled roof would not have been supportable, had the faà §ade, entablature, and columns not been replaced. The Temple of Apollo at Thermon was a Doric temple (Guido). The Temple of Zeus at Olympia contributed to the timelessness of the Parthenon, as it was the trial for it. The hut-like temples were the first known forms of temples. Make it better!

The Blast of War :: Dialogue Essays Creative Writing

The Blast of War "Boxer, this is flight control. The pattern is full; maintain current heading and set throttle to one-niner-zero." "Copy that Lincoln, one-niner-zero." Lieutenant Erica "Boxer" Swanson reached out to the cockpit console and pressed the button which would lock in her heading. Sitting back in her seat, she slid the throttle lever on her left slowly back until the display on the console counted down to read 190 MPS. With the flick of a switch above her head she turned off her electron shielding, noting the flicker of a greenish light outside her cockpit as the shielding dispersed. The Lieutenant then twisted in her seat to look over her shoulder at the hulk of a space cruiser behind her, the Abraham Lincoln. Slowly the larger ship moved towards her small fighter, swallowing it whole in the gaping hanger bay in its belly. Swanson heard a slight thump as flight crews pulled the fighter down into its docking bay via guidewires. She reached over and disengaged her thrusters and keyed the code to power down her engines and inertial dampener. "Boxer is down, I’m locked in. Over and out." The lieutenant reached over and flipped off the comm system even as the docking bay gave a slight lurch sideways, pulling her fighter through the airlock and into her fighter’s docking station. Automatically, the cockpit began to open and the fighter’s computer powered down as the flight crew took control of the plane. Lieutenant Swanson unbuckled her harness and slipped out of the cockpit, unstrapping and removing her helmet as she climbed down the eight foot ladder to the flight deck. With a nod to the crew chief, Erica slipped her helmet under her arm and began to weave her way through the crowd of deck crews rushing around securing the fighters. She stepped into the lift on the far side of the flight deck, nodding silently to the other pilot already there. The lift doors slid shut silently and the lift began to move through the cruiser. Erica looked over at the other pilot. "Well Spinner, welcome to war." Lieutenant Don "Spinner" Collins turned and studied her for a moment. "I think I liked boredom better." The Colonel stepped up to the podium and gazed around at the assembled pilots. In a booming voice not needing the assistance from the podium microphone, he began to speak. The Blast of War :: Dialogue Essays Creative Writing The Blast of War "Boxer, this is flight control. The pattern is full; maintain current heading and set throttle to one-niner-zero." "Copy that Lincoln, one-niner-zero." Lieutenant Erica "Boxer" Swanson reached out to the cockpit console and pressed the button which would lock in her heading. Sitting back in her seat, she slid the throttle lever on her left slowly back until the display on the console counted down to read 190 MPS. With the flick of a switch above her head she turned off her electron shielding, noting the flicker of a greenish light outside her cockpit as the shielding dispersed. The Lieutenant then twisted in her seat to look over her shoulder at the hulk of a space cruiser behind her, the Abraham Lincoln. Slowly the larger ship moved towards her small fighter, swallowing it whole in the gaping hanger bay in its belly. Swanson heard a slight thump as flight crews pulled the fighter down into its docking bay via guidewires. She reached over and disengaged her thrusters and keyed the code to power down her engines and inertial dampener. "Boxer is down, I’m locked in. Over and out." The lieutenant reached over and flipped off the comm system even as the docking bay gave a slight lurch sideways, pulling her fighter through the airlock and into her fighter’s docking station. Automatically, the cockpit began to open and the fighter’s computer powered down as the flight crew took control of the plane. Lieutenant Swanson unbuckled her harness and slipped out of the cockpit, unstrapping and removing her helmet as she climbed down the eight foot ladder to the flight deck. With a nod to the crew chief, Erica slipped her helmet under her arm and began to weave her way through the crowd of deck crews rushing around securing the fighters. She stepped into the lift on the far side of the flight deck, nodding silently to the other pilot already there. The lift doors slid shut silently and the lift began to move through the cruiser. Erica looked over at the other pilot. "Well Spinner, welcome to war." Lieutenant Don "Spinner" Collins turned and studied her for a moment. "I think I liked boredom better." The Colonel stepped up to the podium and gazed around at the assembled pilots. In a booming voice not needing the assistance from the podium microphone, he began to speak.

Nectar In A Sieve & Don’t Be Afraid Gringo

The relationship between core and periphery nations can be observed by looking at the experiences of the people in the books, â€Å"Nectar In A Sieve† by Kamala Merkandaya and â€Å"Don't Be Afraid Gringo† by Media Benjamin. In both the books Rukmani and Elvia narrate the changes caused by the various stages of capitalism brought by Great Britain in India and by the United States in Honduras respectively. The core periphery relations between these countries lead to many societal problems and these two women deal with these problems, especially the issues pertaining to land and education. In both Rukmani and Elvia's case land was the most important resource required for producing staples, which was used as a source of revenue and food. Education, in this context refers to the level of awareness people had about the influence of core countries on the peripheral nations and how the people viewed this dependency. Rukmani and her family lived under a feudalistic system and the arrival of the British tannery resulted in segregated industrialization in a rice farming village which led to family disintegration, abuse of power and land and to a minor decrease in feudalism. It also led to a shift from peasantry to proletariats. Elvia lived in a semi-feudalistic system in Honduras with highly unequal distribution of land and wealth. The whole of Honduras, including various institutions like the Government and the church were under the influence of the U. S who with their political and economic influence used Honduras for the extraction of resources and also for its own political security in the North American continent. In â€Å"Nectar In A Sieve† Rukmani was married to a tenant farmer called Nathan who worked on rice fields and earned his livelihood by selling his harvest to the landlord. He did not have his own land and so whatever he earned went towards paying for the rent on land. Most of the villagers there, including Nathan were tenant farmers who produced for their own basic needs and not for the market. The village put up a leather tannery in Rukmani's village whose arrival led to segregated industrialization and also to a change in feudalism. Rukmani and the whole village's life were affected, as their village became a â€Å"growing town† (Merkandaya 50) The tannery owners bought the land from the landlords and paid good prices for it. This segregated industrialization weakened the unification of the village and caused great turmoil for everyone, especially Rukmani and her family. It disintegrated her family by creating a need for her sons to go work in the tannery. The expansion of the tannery also led to a loss in user rights as many people, including Rukmani and her family was kicked off the land they used to live on for years, with nowhere to turn to. Thus they were forced to go to an urban city and become proletariats. Arrival of colonialism in the village led to capitalism, while keeping the feudalism intact. Though both systems worked simultaneously, capitalism slowly outdid feudalism as the tannery â€Å"grew and flourished and spread†(51), it got the power and became economically prosperous which allowed the expansion of the tannery. Capitalism in the village changed some of the villagers from peasants to semi proletariats as they started working in the tannery. On the other hand the cost of living went up and so did the level of poverty due to partial urbanization. The tannery extracted the resources using cheap and surplus labor and repatriated the profits for capitalistic accumulation and deprived the village of if. In â€Å"Don't Be Afraid Gringo†, Elvia Alvarado talks about the lives of the â€Å"campesinos† living in Honduras. She was a poor peasant living in a rural village and belonged to a very poor family that could never own land. Most of Elvia's life revolved around social work and helping the fellow campesinos who were facing harsh times due to the influence of the core. Elvia was proactive and resisted to changes brought about by the powerful elite of their society. So her primary job was to recover land which rightfully belonged to the campesinos but was in the hands of a few elite who were using it for their own benefit. Education as described later in the essay created awareness about the injustices done by the powerful elite and helped in her fight for recovering land for the campesinos. The campesinos depended on land, as it was the primary source of food and revenue. Staples produced in Honduras were exported to the U. S markets at very low prices. The U. S had also monopolized capital by bringing technology into Honduras but this was only being used to extract resources. This resulted in unemployment as automated machines as in the case of the banana companies replaced manual labor. Honduras was under a semi feudal mode of production with an unequal distribution of land. Although capitalism was present in urbanized areas, most of the land was under feudal control with peasants fighting for land which was taken away from them. The government did not â€Å"do anything to make the campesino's life any easier. â€Å"(Benjamin 25) The rural areas did not have god transportation and bringing the harvests to the markets was very difficult. Campesinos without land worked â€Å"as day laborers, either for a landowner or for another campesino†(Benjamin 20) for minimal wages. U. S using its influence on the Honduran government and the local elite extracted some precious resources like coal and precious gems and the profits associated with them were never reinvested in Honduras. The U. S also used Honduran land for maintaining regional security. Using Honduras strategic position in Central America, they established military bases and sent troops to Honduras to help government maintain internal control. The societal issue of education brought about by the core periphery relationships in both Rukmani and Elvia's life, in this context deals with the level of awareness both women and their respective societies have about the influence of core nations and their dependence on them. Although Rukmani was semi literate and could read and write, she was not well versed with what was happening around her. She was a very passive resistor and never offered any resistance to the development of capitalism. She foresaw the implications of capitalism by the arrival of the tannery and the dependency associated with it. Therefore she wanted to give all her children education because she knew education was the only thing that could make her children realize the effects of dependence on core. Her suffering along with the suffering of the other villagers shows the lack of awareness they had about the harmful effects of the British colonization. Elvia only received proper schooling till the second grade and so she was basically illiterate but she always had the inclination to learn. As she grew up, she became aware of the harmful effects of Hondurans' dependency on the U. S and how capitalism from the part of the U. S in Honduras was robbing the resources out of Honduras. Although she never had proper schooling, the eagerness to learn about the current affairs made her more and more inquisitive. Elvia took some courses with the church and then started working as a social worker that traveled to different places and created awareness about general issues pertaining to their lives and society. She also took some courses from the Agrarian Reform Institute, which greatly improved her writing skills. Later on in her life, when the church also influenced by the Honduran government that was under the influence of the U. S reduced the support to her group, she became independent and began educating and organizing the campesinos to fight for their rights. She began recovering land that belonged to the campesinos but was in the hands of the elite. Her knowledge of the Agrarian Reform Laws helped her fight with the government for the injustices done to the campesinos. She was thus able to recognize monopoly capitalism by the U. S as being the cause of poverty in Honduras. Looking at the argument presented in this essay it can be seen that both Rukmani and Elvia's lives were greatly affected by the effects of core periphery relations and they faced great problems with issues of land and education.

Chaucer’s Humor

Chaucer has been acclaimed as the first realist, the first humorist, the first narrative artist, the first great character-painter, and the first great metrical artist in English literature. But it is powerful and ubiquitous presence of Chaucer’s humour that makes him distinct among others writers and poets of English Literature hitherto. Chaucer perpetually observes or perceives the humorous side of any facade of human life. His humor is not constrained to his emotions but it encircles all of his interests, his beliefs, his whole being and his everything.If he manifests his knowledge and information about a wide variety of things, he also mocks, creates caricatures, parodies with the help of same knowledge. It seems that manifestation of knowledge in this way, he tries to relieve himself. For example, he shows his interest in astronomy and manifests its knowledge here and there in Canterbury Tales; he also utilizes his extensive and intensive knowledge of astrology as satiric al and mocking frequently. He has an unparalleled sense of humor.The main reason for this outstanding achievement is that his use of humor has an outstanding multiplicity and variety. Unlike most humorists, he does employ the tone of hyperbole and fantasy. He concentrates on the traits and aims at providing the real mirror images. Additionally, his least-cynical observation of realities of life and traits of human beings enables him to produced unparalleled humor. When this effort mingles with his in-depth knowledge of things and his witticism, humorist effect is created.He achieves humor through a variety of elements including plot, characterization, language, pace, and timing,. Fir example in ‘The Merchants Tale’, he does juxtaposes genre of courtly love and religion against each other and mocks them. Different precepts of courtly love are satirized by characterization and are undermined to an extent by effective utilization of images, descriptions and tone that it se ems comical and illogical.So there is no reason to deny the fact that a great deal of liveliness and reality in Chaucer’s poetry is due to his all-pervasive humor and he is unsurpassable in this art of creating humorous sketches and verbal renderings that represent a probably every facet of the contemporary life. Kemp Malone and Albert Croll Baugh observation that ‘Chaucer is sometimes denied the rank of a great poet, on the ground that he lacked higher seriousness, that his poetry is without great themes nobly conceived’ is true to some extent but not utterly.The assumption that his poetry is devoid of great themes is based on misconception. His major contribution towards the content of poetry is in his advocacy of and strict adherence to realism. His Canterbury Tales embodies a new effort in the history of literature, as it strictly deals with real men, manners, and life. He realized, to adopt Pope’s famous couplet (with a little change): Know then thyse lf: presume not dreams to scan, The proper study of mankind is man. And the product of this realization was The Canterbury Tales.This poem, as it were, holds a mirror to the life of Chaucer’s age and shows it manners and morals completely, â€Å"not in fragments†. Chaucer replaces effectively the shadowy delineations of the old romantic and allegorical school with the vivid and pulsating pictures of contemporary life. ( Brewer, 1978) Chaucer’s tone as a poet is wonderfully instinct with geniality, tolerance, humor, and freshness which are absent from that of his contemporaries and predecessors who are too dreamy or too serious to be interesting. References Brewer, Derek. Chaucer and his world. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1978.

Glass Castle Essay

There are references of bad parenting around the world every single day. Everybody is always so quick to point the finger on someone else’s choices and behaviors, that they don’t even notice to look back and reflect on themselves. Even though I am not a parent I am sure every day it comes with its struggles and obstacles. Like I said before, because I am not yet a parent and don’t plan on being one anytime soon I always have the up most respect for them. Of course from time to time there are going to be instances that you regret like any human naturally does. But that label what kind of person that you are, and especially labeled as a â€Å"bad parent† I personally don’t understand how we can judge people for what kind of parent that may be when society is so hypocritical. Often we choose what’s right and wrong but do we really know the difference? How can one parent psychically abuse their child and another parent give them so much attention that there â€Å"suffocated† but both examples being labeled as a â€Å"bad parent†. But in some circumstances when children are getting bad parenting all it takes is for the child to completely forgive the parent and that’s a great achievement in itself to make. All it takes one little piece of his or her inner character that holds such an influence on the child that it will always make her unquestionably love them. In the book, The Glass Castle, Jeannette Walls is that child, reminiscing her favorite childhood memories spent with her family. Jeannette and Rex Walls shared some of the best moments of her life, regardless of Rex’s clear irresponsibility and destruction brought onto her now aspects of her life. Despite the many instances in which her father failed to protect his children, refused to take responsibility for them, and even stole from them they always stayed by his side even up to his last days. Jeannette still loved him until his dying day for a couple reasons of course. First off that’s her father, Secondly he made her feel special and lastly for his never ending inspiration that he had for himself and his family that she admired. When were leaded through the Christmas scene in which her father gave his children stars for presents, Jeannette often recalls Rex as an intelligent and loving father and teacher. With her describing the memory with so much gratitude in her tone. Jeannette begins by saying, â€Å"we had no money at all,† The fact that the way she described this moment it was as if that her family’s differences and financial struggles were gone at this moment (39). This shows his moment of being a real â€Å"Dad†. Jeannette’s overall admiration for her father was shown when she described that the stars were â€Å"one of the special treats for people† like Jeannette (39). Her father also often compared their family with the â€Å"rich city folks† and leads her to think, â€Å"We’d have to be out of our minds to want to travel places with any of them† (39). With the straight-forwardness of this story. Jeannette describes her father with very simple attributes. As her now use of basic language reveals her experience of any bad upbringing and shows only achievement’s of her experience. Her father’s ability to make her feel unique is one of the main reasons why she holds onto him when others give up on him, as that ability gave her one of the most significant moments of her life. The sentence â€Å"And he gave me Venus† conveys a lot of meaning (40). This emphasizes her excitement in the action of her father giving the special present. Perhaps the fact that she was able to receive a planet when her other siblings received stars as presents made her feel so positive about herself. It becomes obvious that Jeannette’s admiration accumulates at this moment as she continues to describe the experience in good terms. The final quote at the end of the passage, as her father says â€Å"Years from now†¦you’ll still have your stars† is another strong example of her father emphasizing her uniqueness. As he clearly sets the Walls children apart from the others that they could of never received. Jeannette also learns a valuable lesson from her father at the zoo. It becomes a characteristic for Rex to praise his children for their uniqueness. It is her trust in him that allows her to fully believe in him. A certain calmness and fascination comes over Rex at this time. Finally, during her last visit to see her father as he confirms that he is dying, Jeanette admits how inspirational he is to her. She admits her reflects her father’s continuous effect on her, even as he is about to die. She sums up her relationship in two clear, complex sentences, saying, â€Å"But despite all the hell-raising and destruction and chaos he had created in our  lives, I could not imagine what my life would belike—what the world would be like—without him in it. As awful as he could be, I always knew he loved me in a way no one else had† (279). The uniqueness that he makes her feel feeds for her affection for him. Ironically, just as he had a special love for her, that was on was only for her, she was the only person in his life who hel d onto his love and respected him regardless of his other issues. Throughout Jeannette Wall’s life, the challenges and setbacks she faced we tremendously hard to to imagine and probably to even experience. The way that Jeanette portrays herself now you would never imagine all that she went through. As the question was stated if I thought that Rew Walls was a bad parent? I say No. Yes. Of course he had a fair amount of decisions that he made for himself and his family that he shouldn’t of but that made him into the person that his family loved and adored him for. We have to constantly remember that were human and were going to make mistakes and I am sure I Rex Walls was here today he would say the same thing.