What Should Millionaires Give - 920 Words

In a 2006 article â€Å"What Should Millionaires give and what should you?† for The New York Times Paul Singer a world renowned philanthropist and political activist explores what a millionaire should donate and what others should be giving. Singer starts out by asking a question one would thing is relevantly easy to answer. What is a human life worth. Singer believes that without missing a beat most would reply that a human life is very valuable upwards of millions a dollar. While most people like to believe that they put a high value in real life do our actions support this? Singer argues that they do not. Bill Gates was shocked to discover that millions of children each year die from treatable diseases. If vaccines are available for†¦show more content†¦The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations has made it their mission to ensure that people have access to life saving vaccinations. The GAVI has saved over 1 million lives. Singer progressively starts asking deeper and deeper questions. Such as why are these people donating. Are they doing it? Some have even suggested that Gates philanthropy was a result of a lack of trust in Microsoft. Do they genuinely care or is it a strategic business move to increase public opinion of them. Do they deserve praise for their actions or criticism for not doing more? Thomas Hobbes a 17th century English philosopher argues that all acts of charity are done for our own interest. He believed that we don’t help others to help them we do it to feel better about ourselves. Immanuel Kant would argue that â€Å"an act has more worth only if it is done out of a sense of duty†. He believed that if you did something because you enjoyed doing it, it had no moral worth. He believed that â€Å"you are responsible for your obedience to the demand of duty†. 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I know I did, that is until I read the book â€Å"The Millionaire Next Door† by Thomas J. Stanley and William D. Danko. Did you know that your typical millionaire may be living in your neighborhood or sitting at the next table over in your favorite family restaurant? The book is based on in-depth interviews and research of American millionaires and howRead MoreOccupy Wall Street: Are Big Corporations Leading to America’s Downfall?1521 Words   |  7 PagesStreet (OWS) Movement is that it does not have any set claims or defined lines about the issue. There are thousands of people protesting for different reasons, and while they are all related to OWS, they are so different that it is hard to decipher what it is OWS actually wants and who is to blame for the continuing downfall of the economy. 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Jim requests to meet the author to review their financial situation and the meeting is set. Mr. Bach is amazed as he looks through the McIntyre’s finances and the conversation switches from looking at their situation to asking how they’ve done what they’ve done. What the McIntyres told the author has help himself and many others throughRead MoreWho Is A Millionaire?1010 Words   |  5 PagesAbdelrahman Sirry ISE 1801 Monday February 15th 2016 Professor Danielski Who wants to be a Millionaire? This may sound strange, exaggerated or overrated, but freshmen year in college is the first step to be a Millionaire, yes, a Millionaire! Although freshmen year is an exciting one because student become totally independent and enter professional life, an unplanned and wasted freshmen year may lead to serious career problems. Students come from different parts of the globe, generally away fromRead MoreThe Habit Of Persistence By Dr. Howard Watson853 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Dr Howard Watson There are many behavioural characteristics that can be identified amongst those individuals who have succeeded as entrepreneurs and have consequently become self-made millionaires. One of the most important of such desirable and acquirable attitudes is the habit of being persistent. Calvin Coolidge stated this most eloquently when he said; Nothing in the world can take the place of Persistence. Talent will not; nothingRead More`` Slumdog Millionaire And The Great Gatsby By Wendy Wu : Homecoming Warrior1544 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish as well. This gave me a broader horizon on understanding the future and how to overcome the challenged from the lessons I learned literature. Such as ‘Slumdog Millionaire, ‘The Great Gatsby, ‘Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior’ and ‘Mulan’ has impacted my attitude and values towards the future. Danny Boyle’s 2008 film ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ is a piece of literature that has significantly shaped my attitude and understanding of life as I move out into the word. This is a film about a child named JamalRead MoreSlumdog Millionaire1507 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie Slumdog Millionaire, Salim and Jamal made many choices that affected them very differently even though they were both presented the same obstacles. In fact, the decisions that Jamal has made throughout his life helped him to acquire all the answers to the questions presented to him on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire†. The choices that they made were sculpted by their poverty and surroundings. 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Dr. Jean M. Twenge s Generation Me - 2149 Words

To begin, in Chapter 7 of Generation Me, Dr. Jean M. Twenge, the author, discusses the relationship between the current generation and the fight for equality. Throughout the chapter, Twenge discusses how circumstances have changed for certain groups of people over the years, from the civil rights movement to the fight for gay marriage. At the end of the chapter, she introduces a section called, â€Å"Attitudes Towards Gays and Lesbians† (Twenge 207), which she uses to discuss the current (i.e., 2006) situation for gays and lesbians, along with the effects on contemporary society. Furthermore, Twenge includes testimonies from ordinary people and storylines from television shows to exhibit the increasing tolerable attitude towards gays and lesbians. She elaborates on the fight for gay marriage toward the end of the section and mentions how more people are fighting for that right everyday. Readers are reminded that unfair treatment of gays and lesbians occurs everywhere, from bul lying in schools to discrimination in the workplace. Twenge’s argument fully elaborates on the battle for equality for gays and lesbians, and thoroughly notes Generation Me’s response in the final section of Chapter 7. (Twenge 207-211) Indeed, Twenge utilizes each of the Aristotelian appeals, ethos, pathos, and logos, in order to relate to her audience, which is Generation Me. She uses logos when she says, â€Å"While only 30% of the overall American population supports gay marriage, 59% - nearly twice as many –Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 Gene ral Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesCapital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Library Issues About Public Image/ Gender Free Essays

Stereotyping is not actually a bad thing. However, the consequences of stereotyping are the ones that are important and matter (Marinelli and Baker, 2000). The people may ignore the existence of these stereotypes but the effects of these on the people are very crucial. We will write a custom essay sample on Library Issues About Public Image/ Gender or any similar topic only for you Order Now Image, on the other hand, is an issue and problem everywhere but the social situation is differs from one place to another. The image of librarians was being molded as early as the 1870s. Married women and men already had jobs and positions in the society. However, the single, unmarried women were left out and had no position in the society. These women engaged in professions such as: librarianship, nursing, social work and elementary school teaching which were not restricted to any gender and to civil status. Librarians’ work consisted of uplifting the morals of a middle-class home through books and to rescue people suffering from moral and intellectual poverty. (Garrison as cited by Engle, 1998) Reed (1995), on the other hand, said that librarianship was initially a job for men and was only feminized in the late nineteenth century. Even if the women were able to enter the profession, the men were retained but were able to advance to higher positions, administrative ones. Also, men comprised and dominated the American Library Association in 1876. The women were attracted to the profession because of the limited employment possibilities. The feminization of the profession came about as women were believed to be able to change the atmosphere in the library. Specifically, women are believed to soften the environment of stacks of books. Green (n.d.) conducted a survey that led to the stereotyping of the librarian as a woman, usually having old age, fair skin and single and there were no specifics on hair color. Marinelli and Baker (2000) and Goldstein (1977 as cited by Reed, 1995; Kneale, 2004), on the other hand, typecasted librarians to ladies with hair arranged in a bun, wearing chained spectacles, with a body covered up with a dress, hushing when noise is being heard and with a worried expression. Men librarians, alternatively, are being questioned with regards to their masculinity. They are usually characterized to be ineffectual, effeminate and unathletic (Reed, 1995). Surprisingly, in Green’s study if the all aforementioned characteristics would be expected to be present in a person to be able to define a librarian, there would be no librarians at all. The characteristics may be present at one person at a time, but not all. Thus, stereotyping is not true in the study. In the same manner, only the spectacles hold as a true characteristic of a librarian in Marinelli and Baker’s (2000) study. The impolite attitude of the librarian only holds true for some cases. And, the generalization of the unfriendly manner of the librarians may be attributed to the silent atmosphere of the library. It can therefore be said that the characterization of stereotypes does not come from the characteristics of real-time librarians. Marinelli and Baker (2000) justified stereotyping has a function in the society. The aged women, spectacles and being single are features that people do not want to emulate, but can somewhat be a convenient reprsentation of the unattractive, meek and rejected. In addition, the dominance of the women in the profession also contributed to the negative overtone in the stereotype (Carmichael, 1992 as cited by Marinelli and Baker, 2000). Similarly, other professions that are dominated by women are also being criticized. The characteristics of the librarian as said on the previous paragraph can be credited to the public librarians. They are the image keepers of the profession as they are the ones that people frequently see and look at (Marinelli and Baker, 2000). Also, the public are not much aware of special librarians or archivists. These people are also librarians but cater a specialized clientele. Although the public librarians constitute only a small portion of the total librarians, the stereotype has been used in many types of media, including films, that it became persistent characteristics. The forms of literature are one of the possible causes of stereotyping of librarians. Most literature often associated librarianship to lonesome characters in both men and women (Marinelli and Baker, 2000). Only a few have explored the possibilities of other characteristics of librarians, one of which is: â€Å"sexy librarians†, a novel written by Edith Wharton in 1918. Films, on the other hand, characterize librarians differently (Raisch, 1993 as cited by Marinelli and Baker, 2000). Films’ portrayal of librarians vary from spinsters (Donna Reed in â€Å"It’s A Wonderful Life†, Hilda Plowright in â€Å"Philadelphia Story† or the librarian in â€Å"Breakfast at Tiffany’s†), repressed ladies (Barbara Stanwyck in â€Å"Forbidden†), mean archivists (Bertha in â€Å"Citizen Kaine†) to innocent blondes (Carole Lombard in â€Å"No Man of Her Own† or Goldie Hawn in â€Å"Foul Play†). And some also feature male librarians (John Rothman in â€Å"Sophie’s Choice†, Jason Robards in â€Å"Something Wicked This Way Comes† and Peter Sellers in â€Å"Only Two Can Play†). However, the actors and actresses that play librarians are often attractive people (Katherine Hepburn, Parker Posey, Peter Sellers) that their portrayal is not seen to reflect the real thing. The specialized training of librarians that is not publicly known may be a factor that affects the public perception on librarianship. Their tasks such as referencing, checking and shelving are seen simply as clerical tasks. Nevertheless, there is a Masters in Library and Information Science that is a sort of requirement in the field of professional librarianship. Those without the degree may not be able to advance to the professional level but still be a librarian. Sadly, librarians are much affected by the negative typecasting of their profession.   Distress and denial are the two main reactions of librarians regarding the negative stereotyping in their profession (Engle, 1998). Librarians had to be weighed down by the emotional stress of the typecasting. These in turn cause social pressures on the librarians and cause further dismal attitude. Real-life librarians, actually, do not like the stereotyping of their profession because they personally do not want to be attributed to something unattractive and restrict the entrance of males in the profession (Morrisey and Case, 1988; Carmichael, 1992 as cited by Marinelli and Baker, 2000). Also, Wilson (1982 as cited by Marinelli and Baker, 2000) said that stereotyping might have caused real librarians to not like librarians, including themselves. This is because the librarians react to their occupational identity, instead of reacting as an individual. Due to the typecasting, the librarians are being forced to act as a minority group. The negative stereotyping also causes librarians to think poorly of their profession, especially those on the public libraries and schools (Marinelli and Baker, 2000). The pride of the profession is being lost in the issues. Librarians nowadays are not immediately associated to being professionals. They are just people who look after publications in a room or building. Also, these cause downbeat on client perceptions, status and organizations. The clientele of the librarians may decrease because of the negativity on the profession. Both the status of the people and the organizations that are currently in the profession is also being prejudiced without proper exploration. Furthermore, funding and recruitment for new librarians are being affected. Due to the issues on librarians, people who are interested in entering the profession may reconsider. Only those who work as special librarians in private institutions are properly paid. Some also feel that they are being less valued by the society as compared in 1988 (Bobrovitz and Griebel, 2001). Conversely, there are still librarians that are satisfied with their profession (Bobrovitz and Griebel, 2001). They believe that they are valuable to their employer, with respect to their skills, but are still being subjected to issues causing them to think that they are underappreciated by the society. Despite the negative typecast on the profession, their morals are still up but seek the improvement and image of the career, to change some misinformation for every librarian’s sake. Yet, the negative connotation on the stereotype characteristics of the librarian can also be beneficial. Lately, the issues caused them to make an effort in improving the quality of their work. Through some changes, they believe the public’s perception of the librarians will change and will enable the creation of another stereotype for the profession (Paul and Evans 1988 as cited by Marinelli and Baker, 2000; Bobrovitz and Griebel, 2007). However, the librarians must collectively make this effort in order to overhaul the typecast set on the profession. Even the slightest mistake of only one librarian is very crucial because instead of putting up a good image, things may go for the worse. This made the stereotyping more than an individual behavior. There had been actions to lessen the negative publicity regarding the librarians. McCormack, since the 1987, had been advocating protest for negative ads of librarians (Marinelli and Baker, 2000). Through the American Libraries’ column, â€Å"Image: How They’re Seeing Us†, pictures have been revealing both the negative and positive images on librarianship. Through the revelation of some of the extreme negative publicity, there had been realizations of too much prejudice in the society with regards to librarianship. Somehow, the images that show the goose-stepping and hushing librarians have decreased in number. Chances of redeeming the status of the librarian profession is very likely because of technological advancements, faculty status for librarians, unionization and contracting (Marinelli and Baker, 2000). Due to technological advancements, librarians are now taking up positions such as technology managers and information specialists. Although machines also pose as a threat to librarian employment, computers are essential in making information more available and convenient to clients. After all, librarians can employ themselves as consultants and trainers. Also, there have been changes in the perception towards librarians as 10 years before. The business of librarianship is also being appreciated more. However, the term librarianship holds some kind of stigma that corporations appreciate the profession more without mentioning the word librarian. (Kneal, 2006) References Bobrovitz, J. and Griebel, R. (2001). If the (Sensible) Shoe Fits: The Image of the Librarian. Retrieved October 30, 2007 Engle, M. (1998). Ethymologizing Work: The Role of Archetypal Images in the Humanization of Librarianship. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.library.cornell.edu/olinuris/ref/staff/moe/archetype.html Green, Paul (n.d.) Paul Green’s Librarian Stereotype Survey: Highlights. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://warriorlibrarian.com/RESEARCH/stereotype.html Kneale, R. (2004). Where’s The Librarian? Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.librarian-image.net/wheres_the_librarian.html Marinelli, S. and Baker, T. (2000). Image and The Librarian: An Exploration of a Changing Profession. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://home.earthlink.net/~cyberresearcher/ImageHomepage.htm#Homepage Reed, R. (1995). From Librarian to Information Scientist: Technology and Occupational Change in A Traditional Woman’s Occupation. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.wigsat.org/gasat/47.txt ; ; How to cite Library Issues About Public Image/ Gender, Essay examples

Purchasing and Inventory Management Business Entities

Question: Discuss about thePurchasing and Inventory Management for Business Entities. Answer: Introduction Brisbane Outdoor operates in the Queensland city of Brisbane through three of its retail centres. These centres are present in the Ipswich, Mt Gravatt and Strathpine localities and have been operating as isolated business entities, instead of a single business unit. The purchasing and inventory management strategies implemented in each of these centres are different. This report analyses these strategies along with a couple of areas of improvement for the corresponding business processes. The report also includes a number of recommendations for the restructuring of the purchasing and inventory management processes of the organisation based on a number of corresponding concepts and theories available in the market. The report also includes a brief action plan for the implementation of the recommendations mentioned for the purchasing and inventory management processes of the organisation. Current Purchasing and Inventory Management Processes Each of the centres of the Brisbane Outdoor has been operating as a separate business entity for quite some time, under the leadership of Donald Saxon. Hence the purchasing and inventory management processes implemented in each of these centres are quite different. Some of the activities involved in these processes are analysed in this section. Purchasing/Procurement The procurement processes implemented in each of the retail centres of the organisation are analysed in this section of the report. Each of the centres choose its suppliers based on their locality and the availability of the corresponding suppliers. Hence each of the centres of the organisation consider different set of suppliers as the options for their purchasing operations (Mehra, 2014). The orders for the products are placed by the corresponding centre of the organisation based on the availability of the corresponding material or product with the organisation. The purchase orders placed by each of the retail centres of the organisation are manged under different budgets and are monitored through different means. Inventory Management The inventory management processes implemented in the workplace of each of the retail stores of the organisation are mentioned in this section. Each of the retail centres of the organisation maintain local inventories instead of a centralised inventory for the entire organisation. The inventories are quite small in size, which in turn leads to frequent scarcity of a number of products. The products are transferred among the retail stores to satisfy the demand of the customers in the corresponding market. The inventory management process implemented in each of the centres of the organisation doesnt focus a lot on the analysis of the future demands of the products and the changes in the trends in the corresponding markets. The inventory management and procurement processes of each of the retail centres of the organisation are managed by separate management teams focusing on separate aspects of the corresponding processes. Competitive Advantages and Disadvantages This section of the report gives a brief overview of the competitive advantages and disadvantages for the procurement and inventory management processes implemented in the three retail centres of the organisation. Advantages Some of the advantages of the current procurement and inventory management processes used by the various centres of the organisation are mentioned below. The maintenance of small inventories in each of the retail stores allows the organisation to have the products to be readily available in the retail stores (Chen, 2012). This in turn allows the organisation to satisfy the needs of the customers quicker. The maintenance of the small inventories allows the organisation to ensure the minimised costs of maintaining excess inventory. This in turn minimises the operating costs of the maintain the inventory for the satisfaction of the demand of the customers in the corresponding market of operation (Christopher,2016). The choice of the suppliers in the corresponding locality allows the organisation to ensure close and positive relationships with the suppliers, which in turn minimises the turnaround time for the demand of the customers for the products not available in the corresponding retail stores (Fernie, 2014). The procurement activities and inventory managed differently in each of the retail stores of the organisation allows the organisation to keep track of the damaged goods in an efficient manner. The replacement of the damaged goods with the manufacturers becomes easy because of the availability of the products at the corresponding retail store (SolyalÄ ±, 2015). Disadvantages This section of the report mentions some of the disadvantages of the procurement and inventory management processes implemented in the organisation. The management of the procurement activities from isolated retail centres of the organisation leads to a possibility of accidental orders (Stadtler, 2015). These orders cause the presence of various products more than the demand or the presence of excessive number of products. The contract of the organisation with various suppliers for different localities might lead to an inefficient ordering and purchasing process. The suppliers arent chosen through effective market analysis, which could lead to them being inflexible with the orders (Tayur, 2012). The organisation is placing the orders for various products with the suppliers in each of the corresponding localities and under different budgets, which might lead to inefficient budgeting in the organisation. The total costs of the procurement and inventory management activities might be very high in comparison to the ideal values. The organisation maintains small inventories at each of the retail stores, which might increase the costs of maintaining and securing the products (Monczka, 2015). The activities of maintaining and keeping the products secured takes a lot of resources in case of the maintenance of three small inventories at each of the retail stores. The transportation of the products from one store to another increases the costs of maintaining the products in the organisation (Heckmann, 2015). At times, deadlock scenarios are created in the organisation by the same products being required at multiple stores and is present at a different store. Supply Chain and Inventory Management Concepts This section of the report mentions several supply chain and inventory management concepts, which can be implemented in the workplace of the organisation to have efficient procurement and inventory management processes. These concepts also allow the organisation to have low costs of these processes and adequate maintenance of stock level. Buffer Stocks The organisation can analyse the needs of the customers and the demand of the products in the corresponding market in order to create an inventory model with the inclusion of the buffer stocks (Brandenburg, 2014). The presence of buffer stocks allows the organisation to have a number of products having uncertain demand, in buffer. This in turn allows the organisation to satisfy the needs of the customers at any point of time and also decreases the transportation costs of moving the products around the three retail stores of the organisation (Coyle, 2016). Push-Pull Strategy The push-pull strategy allows the organisation to modify the intensity of the procurement activities based on the demand of the products, need of the customers and the inventory state of all the retail stores (Hofmann, 2014). According to the push-pull strategy, the procurement strategy of the organisation is aggressive while ordering the new products and becomes more stable once the product is available on the shelf in the retail stores. This strategy of procurement and inventory management allows the organisation to have adequate stock levels at any point of time. Customer Value This concept of supply chain management and inventory management is based on the concept of customer value. The customer value can be defined as the capabilities of the products or services provided by an organisation to satisfy the needs of the customers. In other words, customer value is also considered to be the value proposition provided to the customers to buy the products or services of an organization (Wisner, 2015). The involvement of this concept into the supply chain and inventory management strategies of the organisation will allow effective maintenance of the inventory along with the minimisation of costs associated with the corresponding activities. Recommendations This section of the report mentions a number of recommendations for the organisation in order to improve the procurement and inventory management activities. The organisation should establish a centralised inventory with high capacity along with the local inventories of low capacity in the different retail stores (Dekker, 2013). The organisation should implement a number of data analytics technologies and strategies in order to have better insights into the needs of the customers and trends in the market (Kaplan, 2015). This in turn will allow the organisation to have better efficiency of the procurement and inventory management activities. The organisation should implement various information and communication technologies in order to enhance or improve the activities involved in the supply chain management strategy of the organization (Rushton, 2014). The organisation should implement strategies to drive all the supply chain activities from a centralised inventory (Seuring, 2013). This in turn allows the organisation to ensure the high efficiency of the corresponding activities and also ensures the minimisation of the costs. Action Plan The organisation can initiate the implementation of the changes recommended in the previous section through the action plan mentioned in this section. The management should train the employees in various information and communication technologies along with various data analytics technologies. The employees of the organisation can also be trained in the concepts of supply chain management strategy to allow them to have a brief knowledge on the various factors involved in the corresponding strategy. The organisation can set the centralised inventory at a location having equal or close to equal distance to each of the retail stores of the organisation. The choice of the location of this centralised inventory can be based on the analysis of the demands of the products and needs of the customers in corresponding localities. Conclusion The current procurement and inventory management processes implemented in the organisation has a number of issues. These issues in the corresponding business activities lead to the decrease in the performance of the organisation. The report included a number of concepts that can be implemented in the corresponding processes along with a number of recommendations. References Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., Seuring, S. (2014). Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions. European Journal of Operational Research, 233(2), 299-312. Chen, X., Simchi-Levi, D. (2012). Pricing and inventory management. The Oxford handbook of pricing management, 784-822. Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Coyle, J. J., Langley, C. J., Novack, R. A., Gibson, B. (2016). Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K., van Wassenhove, L. N. (Eds.). (2013). Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains. Springer Science Business Media. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014). Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Heckmann, I., Comes, T., Nickel, S. (2015). A critical review on supply chain riskDefinition, measure and modeling. Omega, 52, 119-132. Hofmann, H., Busse, C., Bode, C., Henke, M. (2014). Sustainabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Related Supply Chain Risks: Conceptualization and Management. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(3), 160-172. Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015). Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Mehra, S., Inman, R. (2014). Inventory management and efficiency of manufacturing firms. Journal of Operations Management, 1(2), 1-4. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015). Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014). The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Seuring, S. (2013). A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management. Decision support systems, 54(4), 1513-1520. SolyalÄ ±, O., Cordeau, J. F., Laporte, G. (2015). The Impact of Modeling on Robust Inventory Management Under Demand Uncertainty. Management Science, 62(4), 1188-1201. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R., Magazine, M. (Eds.). (2012). Quantitative models for supply chain management (Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014). Principles of supply chain management: a balanced approach. Cengage Learning.