How to Convince Your Employer to Pay for Your Education

Why take out student loans when you could earn a degree for free? You may be able to save thousands of dollars by asking your employer to pay for your education through a tuition reimbursement program.   Benefits to the Employer Employers have a vested interest in making sure employees have the knowledge and skills to help them succeed at work. By earning a degree in a job-related field, you can become a better employee. Moreover, employers often see less turnaround and more employee loyalty when they provide tuition reimbursement for education. Many employers know that education is the key to on-the-job success. Thousands of companies offer tuition assistance programs. Even if no tuition program is in place, you may be able to present a compelling case that convinces your employer to pay for your schooling. Tuition Reimbursement Many larger companies offer tuition reimbursement programs for employees who take courses related to their work. These companies often have strict tuition-related policies and require that employees stay with the company for at least a year. Employers don’t want to pay for your education if you’re going to use it to find another job. Companies may pay for an entire degree or, more often, only for classes related to your job. Some part-time jobs also offer limited tuition assistance. Generally, these employers offer a smaller amount to help offset the cost of education. For example, Starbucks offers up to $1,000 a year in tuition assistance for qualified employees, while the convenience store chain Quiktrip offers up to $2,000 annually. Often, these companies offer financial help as a perk of employment and have less strict policies about the type of courses you can take. However, many employers require workers to be with the company for a minimum amount of time before becoming eligible for tuition reimbursement benefits. Business-College Partnerships A few large companies partner with colleges to provide workers with education and training. Trainers sometimes come directly to the workplace, or employees may in some cases enroll independently in courses from a specific university. Ask your company for details. Discussion Tips If your company already has a tuition reimbursement program or business-college partnership in place, visit the human resources department to learn more. If your company does not have a tuition reimbursement program, you will need to convince your employer to design a personal program. First, decide what classes you would like to take or what degree you would like to obtain. Second, create a list of ways your education will benefit the company. For example, Your new skills will make you more productive at work.You will be able to take on additional assignments.You will become a leader in the workplace.Your degree will improve the company’s professional image when you work with clients. Third, anticipate your employer’s possible concerns. Make a list of problems your employer may raise and think of solutions to each. Consider these examples: Concern: Your studies will take time away from work.​Response: Online classes can be completed in your free time and will give you skills to help you do better work.Concern: Paying your tuition will be expensive for the company.​Response: Actually, paying your tuition may cost less than hiring a new employee with the degree you are working on and training the new recruit. Your degree will make the company money. In the long run, your employer will save by funding your education. Finally, set an appointment to discuss tuition reimbursement with your employer. Practice your why-you-should-pay explanation beforehand and come to the meeting with your lists in hand. If you are turned down, remember that you can always ask again in a few months. Signing a Contract An employer that agrees to pay your tuition will probably want you to sign a contract. Be sure to read this document carefully and discuss any parts that raise a red flag. Don’t sign a contract that forces you to meet unrealistic terms or stay with the company for an unreasonable amount of time. Think about these questions when reading over the contract: How will your tuition be refunded? Some companies pay the tuition directly. Some deduct it from your paycheck and reimburse you up to a year later.What academic standards must be met? Find out if there is a required GPA and what happens if you fail to make the grade.How long must I remain with the company? Find out what happens if you decide to leave before the term is up. Don’t let yourself get locked into staying with any company for too many years.What happens I stop attending class? If health problems, family issues or other circumstances prevent you from finishing a degree, will you be required to pay for the classes you’ve already taken? The best way to pay for an education is to have someone else foot the bill. Convincing your boss to pay your tuition can take some work, but the effort is worth it.

Oedipus Rex Controversy Essay - 1397 Words

Bill Cosby is a well-known celebrity for his works on â€Å"The Cosby Show†, â€Å"I Spy†, and his voice over works on â€Å"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids† and â€Å"Little Bill†. For most of his career Cosby was known for his acting, comedy, father figure, and a friendly loveable personality. However, Cosby was recently accused of drugging and sexually assaulting over fifty women. When he was finally put on trial the judge declared a mistrial. But at the end of the day we have a man famous for his good father character revealed to be a serial rapist. The tale of an ideal male who ultimately creates his own destruction has been constantly seen within history and literature. Take for example Sophocles’ play of Oedipus Rex, in this play, we learn about a man†¦show more content†¦Oedipus sin of incest was bedding and having children with his mother. The sin was not ever said clearly by either Jocasta or Oedipus. Instead when Jocasta realizes w hat she had done she begged Oedipus that, â€Å"in the name of God, if you care at all for your own life, you must not go on with this. I cannot bear it anymore† (Sophocles 24). Oedipus sees what he had done a later shouting, â€Å"O God! O no! I see it now! All clear! . . . Sin! Sin in my birth! Sin in my marriage! Sin in Blood† (Sophocles 27). When they both saw what they had done they could not believe it all they could do was just see what they had not been seen before. These crimes he committed were in ignorance because he unknowingly killed his father and bedded his mother. He does not begin to question his father’s legitimacy until a man, â€Å"half-drunk and shouting that [Oedipus] was not rightly called [his] father’s son† (Sophocles 18). After getting a confusing respond from Apollo about his parents Oedipus runs away never thinking about that until the day of Polybus’, his foster father, death. It was not until then when the messenger said that, â€Å"Polybus was no relative of [Oedipus]† when he finds out that they were not his real parents† (Sophocles 23). Jocasta controversial sin was intentionally exposing her child. Jocasta admitted that, â€Å"As for the child—when he wasShow MoreRelatedQuestions On The Guilt Of Oedipus 1574 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve that Oedipus’s fall is due to his Free will and the decisions he makes. Those who hold this belief hold that Oedipus made his own decisions, which is what led to his fall and that he was not compelled by some external source. P. H. Vellacott is a strong supporter of this theory. As such, in his famous essay, â€Å"The Guilt of Oedipus,† Vellacott argues that, factually speaking, Oedipus must have at one point thought to himself, â€Å"If the man I killed was my father, and if I overcome the Sphinx and marryRead MoreHumanities Test4641 Words   |  19 Pagesin the graphic and performing arts, or a literary technique that attacks foolishness by making fun of it. 7. ( T or F ) The prophecies in Oedipus Rex turn out to be wrong. True 8. One actor on stage, speaking his private thoughts aloud is an example of: Soliloquy 10. Satire does what: 11.   Only the opening sentence survives of : Aristotles essay on comedy pg 236 12.   ( T or F ) Satire is always serious. It criticizes ideas and behaviors that are dangerous to society. False 13.   ShakespearesRead Moreâ€Å"Aristotle’s Definition of the Tragic Hero and Irony in Tragedy† Oedipus Rex, Othello, and Death of a Salesman3217 Words   |  13 Pagesnot. Oedipus Rex, Othello, and Death of a Salesman are three tragic and relatively prominent plays, all written in different time periods, which can be examined comparatively with Aristotle’s philosophy of the tragic hero and may draw certain parallel to one another by means of dramatic irony. Oedipus Rex, written in approx. 428 B.C., quite literally is the embodiment of Aristotle’s explanation of the tragic hero. It is also to be noted that Aristotle himself often exemplified Oedipus in hisRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolvers and decision makers who prefer to deal with technical tasks and straightforward, prescribed problems rather than social or interpersonal issues. They excel at problems that have one correct answer. Multiple-choice exams are preferred over essay exams. Research has suggested that these individuals are inclined toward careers in technology, engineering, and law. In college, students with a knowing style tend to major in the physical sciences, engineering, law, and computers. In business, they

International Relations for Masculinity-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternational Relations for Citizenship and Masculinity. Answer: Forrest, A., (2007). Citizenship and masculinity: the revolutionary citizen-soldier and his legacy.Representing masculinity: male citizenship in modern Western culture, pp.111-129. The information obtained from Alan Forrests work in Citizenship and Masculinity: The revolutionary citizen-soldier and his legacy provide the insights about the impact of World War I on the divergent of the citizenship of women. The study mainly represents the exploration of the maleness of political cultured in the post World War period (Forrest, 2007). It is self-evident that the male sphere turned out to be the representative of the politics. The gender biasness was portrayed much significantly in this article in the post world war period. The dominating male views were mostly prioritized in the field of politics. The transformation in mens citizenship is highlighted that mostly dominating the point of view of the women. Furthermore, another article provides the glimpse of the life of citizen soldier who are deprived from their future as they had to sacrifice their life in the war. This work of Alan Forrest is clearly focusing on the masculinity that can create the new perspective s on the political culture that provokes the reader to explore more on this research area. Dwyer, P. G. (2009). It Still Makes Me Shudder.War in History,16(4). The article, It Still Makes Me Shudder by Philip G. Dwyer represents a number of French testimonies of the massacre that took place during the Napoleonic and Revolutionary Wars occurred between the combatants and civilians. The memoir presented in this work represents the justification of killing either from the point of view of the individual or from the point of views of the witnesses. The entire work provides the ideas about the Massacre, which is conceptualized as the means of underlining difficulties that was observed by the French while conquering civilians in Europe (Dwyer, 2009). The study concludes with the confusion whether to accept or not accept the warfare that took place in the eighteenth century. The article represents the idea that the war is justified if it is compared to the point of view of any state or individual. On the other hand, it is also noticed that the witnesses present in the war consider it much condemning as people loss their life. It mainly suggests th e horrifying nature of war that leaves the soldiers shattered. However, the description of the war is explained by suggesting the horror faced by the witnesses during the time of Massacre. Goldich, R. L. (2011). American military culture from colony to empire.Daedalus,140(3), 58-74. The article, American Military Culture from Colony to Empire by Robert L. Goldich represents the rise of the citizen-soldiers after the war. It was mentioned that the wars were during those periods were frequent. The peacetime Army participated in the war did not focus in the instant fights; rather they concentrated on developing the citizen-soldier. The article also defines that the Army became the force and called for the fights at any point of time at the end of the Cold War (Goldich, 2011). True citizen soldier is defined as the person who serves for only few years as a civilian and does not return in the foreseeable future. The description in the article also determines the nostalgia of their passing. It is noticed that the Army with the flint, harsh, and emotionally extreme behaviour remained in the midst of a civilian society that is increasingly easygoing, pacifistic, and well-adjusted. Krebs, R. R. (2009). The citizen-soldier tradition in the United States: Has its demise been greatly exaggerated?.Armed Forces Society,36(1), 153-174. The article, The citizen-soldier tradition in the United States: Has its demise been greatly exaggerated? Armed Forces Society by Ronald R. Krebs represents the tradition of the Citizen Soldier during nineteenth century. It is exclaimed that the tradition of the citizen-soldier is demised. The article develops the understanding of the all-volunteer force (AVF) that was assumed to be eliminated (Krebs, 2009). However, the reading suggests the clear linking between the citizenship and the military services. The explanation presented by the critic highlights that the tradition of the citizen-soldier is one form of the rhetorical conventions. The tropes continue to feature the political debates in the United States. The perspective is implying that the death of the citizen soldier did not condemn; rather it provides a new lease on life of these soldiers. Linking of the Approach with the Historical Contingency The approach taken in this context is the rise of the citizen soldier in war making in the nineteenth century. It provides the idea of the life of citizen soldier, who took participation in the war and sacrificed the lives. The memoir represented the justification of war, which cost the life of a citizen soldier. It is perceived that the war is justified if it is compared to the point of view of any state or individual. On the other hand, it is also noticed that the witnesses present in the war consider it much condemning as people loss their life. The trauma of the war is highlighted in this context. The shattered soldier could not even bear the horrified war scenario, but they had to face the reality (Dwyer, 2009). The continuous outflow of the emotions is presented in this article, which is quite relatable to my approach. My research study is also focusing on the visible transformation during the war due to the rise of these citizen soldiers. It clearly portrays the pathetic outbu rsts of the witnesses who had been watching these people dying in the war. Another article suggests the rise of the male dominated citizenship that created the significant impact on the political field (Forrest, 2007). It is shown that the rise of citizen soldier transformed the perspectives of the political parties and formed a new sovereignty, which was inclined towards the male point of views. In such cases, the transformation in womens citizenship is highlighted. Furthermore, another article provides the glimpse of the life of citizen soldier who are deprived from their future as they had to sacrifice their life in the war. The loss of lives created the impacts on the civilians who took part on these wars. It is noticeable that they were the witnesses of such demises, which were, according to them, quite painful. In spite of their pacifistic and emotionally extremity nature, they had to fight in the midst of harsh realities by concealing their emotions. It represents the hardships of the war life that affected the civilians mental perspectives during ni neteenth century. The final article represents the maintenance of the traditional approach of citizen soldier. It provides the idea of the harshness of their lives during the war. However, their continuous outflow of the emotions is here perceived as the positive traits. It is depicted that the demise of the citizen soldiers does not represent the loss; rather the perspectives should be on the positive side more significantly (Goldich, 2011). It is highlighted that instead of focusing on their sacrifice, it should be perceived that the death brings to them a new lease for life (Krebs, 2009). My approach is to define such transformation faced after the war period. The diverse perspectives analyzed by these readings provide the fruitful ideas about such transformation. Moreover, it even suggests the perspectives of the civilians during the war period. Their mental situations are clearly portrayed during the war period when they had to face the harsh reality of losing the soldiers who are nothing but the ordinary citizens. However, the war was perceived as the most important aspect during such situation and therefore, the death of the citizen soldiers was more prioritized that their lives. It creates the clear lining between the readings and my approach to define the visible transformation during and after nineteenth century. References Dwyer, P. G. (2009). It Still Makes Me Shudder.War in History,16(4). Forrest, A., (2007). Citizenship and masculinity: the revolutionary citizen-soldier and his legacy.Representing masculinity: male citizenship in modern Western culture, pp.111-129. Goldich, R. L. (2011). American military culture from colony to empire.Daedalus,140(3), 58-74. Krebs, R. R. (2009). The citizen-soldier tradition in the United States: Has its demise been greatly exaggerated?.Armed Forces Society,36(1), 153-174.

Problem Solution Essay free essay sample

Keeping Awake Stress is a feeling that everything seems to have become too much overloading and when under the stress it is wondered whether the pressure placed upon him or her could be coped with. One of the most common types of it is school stress. It can be experienced at any grade and may result from innumerable factors. These factors are teacher or friend-based ones, grade-based ones, over-scheduling and lack of self-confidence. Students can be affected by the environment and also the stress may occur instinctively. Both the surroundings and the individual’s own thoughts, characteristics can trigger the stress process. As a result, these causes reflect in various ways. Overstress results in failing in the school works, alienation from the society, going away from the school, lack of tranquility both in school and home and even some mental problems. However, none of them is unsolvable. There are solutions for those students who have difficulty in coping with the school stress and getting rid of all negative feelings. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solution Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One solution lies within the student himself. It comes from where it starts off: Brain. Positive thinking is a way of handling the stress. Even though it may be considered as unreasonable, according to scientists  optimists  actually experience better circumstances, in part, because their way of thinking helps to  create  better circumstances in their lives. The habit of optimism  and positive thinking can bring better relationships at school. To be precise, optimist people are not liable to see the side effects of a situation at first so that it will be easier for them to make friends. They do not have prejudices generally and do not give up readily. The consequence of it will be to get to know people well and never surrendering against a obstacle such as a scolding teacher. Instead of standing on a chair and conceding all the stressors unwillingly, staying strong and resisting them will much help to handle stress and anxiety. Secondly, it is best to share one’s school problems with someone especially one from their families. An objective point of view will be good for evaluating the situation and find a better solution for it. He or she may offer a choice to them so that this can enable one to feel safe and comfortable. They are the only ones who understand you deeply and give the most suitable advice. For example, if a student encounter a problem with the teacher, it is best to tell all about it to the parents. The response will necessarily be calming: â€Å"You are alone neither in the classroom nor in the home. All you should do is to focus on your work and take the necessary information. You do not have to argue against the teacher or give ways to the facts. † The more one perceives the assistance of a dependable soul, the less he or she suppresses their worries. Feeling of calmness by support of a family surely relieves the anxiety. One can prevent the stress from overweighing him or her by taking some precautions in case of unexpected situations. One should schedule time for homework and stick to the schedule; in addition, he or she should set aside some time each day just for themselves. If a break is needed after school, it is more sensible to take it and schedule homework time later in the evening. The fact that the opposite of stress is relaxation is indisputable. Using the time to organize life, relax, and pursue their own interests is one of the efficient ways to avoid stress at school. An individual should be aware of his or her traits and behave accordingly. What makes them feel discontented or what kinds of friends are suitable for them? These questions are to be answered by the individual itself. Characteristic decompositions are responsible for overstress by and large. If it is felt such as lack of self-confidence, disability to trust on people, or calling off to-dos, student should be aware of the situation and struggle to arrange things. When the causes of stress are vanished and some precautions are taken, stress at school is not the worst thing one has ever come across. The solutions are manifold and feasible. It requires just keeping awake and endeavoring.

4th Grade Science Experiments

4th Grade Science Experiments Great 4th-grade science fair projects involve answering a question, solving a problem, or testing a hypothesis. Usually, a teacher or parent helps work out the hypothesis and design the project. Fourth graders have a good understanding of scientific concepts, but they may need help with the scientific method and organizing a poster or presentation. The key to developing a successful project is finding an idea that is interesting to a 4th grader. Experiment Ideas The best experiments usually begin with a question to which you dont know the answer. Once youve formulated a question, you can design a simple experiment to help figure out the answer: Do cockroaches have a preference for direction? Catch and release cockroaches. Which way do they go? Is there a common trend or not? You can try this project with ants or other crawling insects as well.Do colored ice cubes melt at the same rate as clear ice cubes? Add food coloring to an ice cube tray and compare how long the colored cubes take to melt compared to the regular ones.Does magnetism travel through all materials? Put different materials between a magnet and metal. Do they affect how strongly the magnet is attracted to the metal? If so, do they all affect the magnetic field to the same degree?Do all crayon colors last the same? Draw a really long line with one color, then draw the same length of line with another color. Are both crayons the same length?What is the effect of microwaving seeds on their germination rate? Test seeds that sprout quickly, like radish seeds, and different microwave times, such as 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, one minute. Use a control (no mi crowave) treatment for comparison. Will seeds germinate if you soak them in a liquid other than water? You can try milk, juice, vinegar, and other common household liquids. Alternatively, you could see if plants will grow if they are watered with liquids other than water.Make a simple homemade windmill. What is the best number of blades for the windmill?How much salt (or sugar) can a plant tolerate? Water plants with a different solution of salt or sugar. How high of a concentration can the plant tolerate? A related question would be to see if plants can survive if they are watered with soapy water such as leftover dishwater.Do birds have a preference for birdhouse material? In other words, do they seem to care if the birdhouse is made of wood or plastic or metal?Do worms react when they are exposed to light? Do they react differently when they are exposed to different colors of light?Do ants prefer different types of sugar? Test using table sugar, honey, maple syrup, and molasses.Can you taste the difference between foods that contain fat and fat-free versions of the same product? Compare the water filtration rate of different brands of coffee filters. Take one cup of liquid and time how long it takes to pass through the filter. Do the different filters affect the flavor of the coffee?Do white candles and colored candles burn at the same rate?Write messages using different types of invisible ink. Which was the most invisible? Which method produced a message that was easy to read after it was revealed?

Robert Hooke Biography (1635 - 1703)

Robert Hooke Biography (1635 - 1703) Robert Hooke was an important 17th century English scientist, perhaps best known for Hookes Law, the invention of the compound microscope, and his cell theory. He was born July 18, 1635 in Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England, and died on March 3, 1703 in London, England at age 67. Heres a brief biography: Robert Hookes Claim to Fame Hooke has been called the English Da Vinci. He is credited with numerous inventions and design improvements of scientific instrumentation. He was a natural philosopher who valued observation and experimentation.   He formulated Hookes Law, a relation that says the force pulling back on a spring is inversely proportional to the distance pulled from rest.Assisted Robert Boyle by constructing his air pump.Hooke designed, improved or invented many scientific instruments used in the Seventeenth Century. Hooke was the first to replace pendulums in clocks with springs.He invented the compound microscope and Gregorian compound telescope. He is credited with the invention of the wheel barometer, hydrometer, and anemometer.He coined the term  cells for biology.In his studies of paleontology, Hooke believed fossils were living remains that soaked up minerals, leading to petrification. He believed fossils held clues to the nature of the past on Earth and that some fossils were of extinct organisms. At the time, the concept of extinction was not accepted.He worked with Christopher Wren after the London Fire of 1666 as a surveyor and architect. Few of Hookes buildings survive to the present day.Hooke serv ed as The Royal Societys Curator of Experiments where he was required to perform several demonstrations at each weekly meeting. He held this position for forty years. Notable Awards Fellow of Royal Society.The Hooke Medal is presented in his honor from the British Society of Cell Biologists. Robert Hookes Cell Theory In 1665, Hooke used his primitive compound microscope to examine the structure in a slice of cork. He was able to see the honeycomb structure of cell walls from the plant matter, which was the only remaining tissue since the cells were dead. He coined the word cell to describe the tiny compartments he saw. This was a significant discovery because prior to this, no one knew organisms consisted of cells. Hookes microscope offered a magnification of about 50x. The compound microscope opened up a whole new world to scientists and marked the beginning of the study of cell biology. In 1670, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch biologist, first examined living cells using a compound microscope adapted from Hookes design. Newton - Hooke Controversy Hooke and Isaac Newton were involved in a dispute over the idea of the force of gravity following an inverse square relationship to define the elliptical orbits of planets. Hooke and Newton discussed their ideas in letters to each other. When Newton published his Principia, he did not credit anything to Hooke. When Hooke disputed Newtons claims, Newton denied any wrong. The resulting feud between the leading English scientists of the time would continue until Hookes death. Newton became President of the Royal Society that same year and many of Hookes collections and instruments went missing as well as the only known portrait of the man. As President, Newton was responsible for the items entrusted to the Society, but it was never shown he had any involvement in the loss of these items. Interesting Trivia Craters on the Moon and Mars bear his name.Hooke proposed a mechanistic model of human memory, based on the belief memory was a physical process that occurred in the brain.British historian Allan Chapman refers to Hooke as Englands Leonardo, in reference to his similarity to Leonardo da Vinci as a polymath.There is no authenticated portrait of Robert Hooke. Contemporaries have described him as a lean man of average height, with gray eyes, brown hair.Hooke never married or had children. Sources Chapman, Alan (1996). Englands Leonardo: Robert Hooke (1635–1703) and the art of experiment in Restoration England. Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. 67: 239–275.Drake, Ellen Tan (1996).  Restless Genius: Robert Hooke and His Earthly Thoughts. Oxford University Press.Robert Hooke. Micrographia. Full text at Project Gutenberg.Robert Hooke (1705). The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke. Richard Waller, London.

THE GOVERNING OF THE EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY ORTHODOX LAW PRINCIPLES Essay

THE GOVERNING OF THE EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY ORTHODOX LAW PRINCIPLES - Essay Example The importance of sham self-employment is to disguise a person that he or she is self-employed while in essence they are actually not. This could be the case for a number of reasons which could be known to the employee and the company or the employee could be uncharacteristically oblivious of the on goings. The employers could at times stand to gain and so would the employees from time to time. Plans are underway to engage workers as independent contractors wherever the parties intend to create working relationships with adaptations that do not reflect their genuine intentions. It is common knowledge that disguising the employment status is possible through various ways. This could also happen under written contracts to both the employee and the employer as well as when an employee is hired on an informal basis to offer labour and is at times told that they are a contractor just like any other. Some businesses often do not register their workers as employees since it is a benefit to the business and the employees because they are treated as self-employed in regard to insurance remittals and income tax. This is a tricky situation in which the employees would find themselves in since there is no basis for protection of rights. Most of the companies will be of the view that their employees are not contracted for employment but rather for provision of services and consultancy. These, quite simply put, define sham contracts. Such contracts are mostly entered into by immigrant workers who are in desperate need for jobs and also lack the necessary immigration papers. Thus it is easier for them to try and avoid the authorities. Diplock LJ in Snook v London and West Riding Investments Ltd (1967) gives adequate consideration of what would be considered a ‘sham’. In his judgment, he said: "As regards the contention of the plaintiff that the transactions between himself, A uto Finance and the defendants were a ‘sham’, it is, I think, necessary to consider what, if any, legal concept is involved in the use of this popular and pejorative word. I apprehend that, if it has any meaning in law, it means acts done or documents executed by the parties to the ‘sham’ which are intended by them to give to third parties or to the court the appearance of creating between the parties legal rights and obligations different from the actual legal rights and obligations (if any) which the parties intend to create. The one thing, I think, is clear in legal principle, morality and the authorities (see Yorkshire Railway Wagon Co v Maclure and Stoneleigh Finance Ltd v Phillips), is that for acts or documents to be a ‘sham’, with whatever legal consequences follow from this, all the parties thereto must have a common intention that the acts or documents are not to create the legal rights and obligations which they give the appearance o f creating. No unexpressed intentions of a ‘

Has no topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Has no topic - Essay Example ntrastingly, people who depend on employment have no choice but to work as the job regulations demand and since they do not have other alternatives to earn a living. People having immense wealth can get easy access to the lawmakers through their efforts of campaigning and thus protecting their assets. Alexis argues that America has been an egalitarian society. Egalitarian society is one that takes into consideration little power, status, wealth and prestige differences among individuals. According to Alexis (Brueggemann, 2010), there has not been prevention of individuals amassing resources to extreme extents thus ensuring fair resource distribution. In contrast to this view, Gabriel Kolko argues that, despite year-to-year fluctuations since 1910, there has been unequal income distribution. Gabriel asserts that America has a characteristic concentration of wealth that is wealth is on the hands of only a few individuals in the society. The top 1% of the American rich own 33 percent of wealth in the United States. There are also another top 10% of the people possessing 69 percent of the assets. This means that the remaining 90% majority of the people only own about 31% of the assets. From Table 7.2, we note that 27 percent of the wealth falls to the percentiles 50 to 90% and the bottom about half of the total population possess only around 3 percent of the assets. Thus, it is evident from Table 7.2 that there is a large margin of inequality since the bottom 90 percent of the population is far poor compared to 1% of the population. Figure 7.1 gives the trend of wealth owned by the richest 1% of the population right from 1774 to the year 2005. It shows the share to have hit the highest percentage in 1830s reaching 44 percent. The period between 1774 and 1860 saw wealth concentration rising with 1820s and the late 1840s experiencing steep increases (Brueggemann, 2010). This trend conforms to Kuznets hypothesis. Figure 7.2 shows the top bracket (groupings for taxation

Over the Hedge Essay Example for Free

Over the Hedge Essay Over the Hedge is an animated film about the difficulties little harmless animals experience when man encroaches on their habitat (Fry, 2006). The film starts with the end of winter and the animals in the forest are coming out of hibernation. A hyperactive and mischievous raccoon named RJ forages on the junk food of the bear; he escapes alive with the promise of returning all of the bear’s food within a week. On the other side, a family of cute little animals awakens with a green wall in the middle of their forest and suddenly fears what lies beyond the hedge. Verve the turtle ventures over the hedge to find out what was on the other side; however he was subjected to the ferocious human machines like the lawn mower, grass sprinkler, bikes and etc. He returns to the forest and warns that no one should ever venture over the hedge as it is dangerous. The group of animals however had another problem, they had no food. Then here comes, the rascal raccoon RJ and convinces the group that humans throw out their food every time and all they needed to do was go out there and gather it. Verve disagreed and warned them against the idea, but as food became scarce Verve finally agreed with RJ. RJ on the other hand was really thinking of how the group could help him gather the food he owed the bear and here the conflict started. The rest of the film tells about friendship, trust, honesty and love of family. The film does this effectively within the context of man’s environmental responsibility to be stewards of Mother Nature. The plot of the story was actually very simple however, since the characters were cute, furry, funny and adorable animals, the film held much interest. The visuals were very good; it was clear, crisp and very alive. Although one would notice that it was not created in the traditional way, in fact the movie’s animation were all computer generated, from the drawing to the filming. The sound was in the standard Dolby format, and it was clear and loud, however some of the characters dialogues were tweaked to resemble that of the animal, sometimes the dialogue got lost in the way it was pronounced but one could still understand the gist of the sentence. I especially liked the three baby possums because they were really cute, and they were very funny. They had this way of saying things in chorus and then either refuting or supporting each other and their thoughts resembled the candidness of children. The vividness of the colors and images really fed my interest in the film, however I was lost in the burping of the squirrel and the farting of the skunk, maybe the director thought it would add to the comedic element of the film, but it did not feel that way to me. The film talks about the importance of living well with our animal friends, and it shows a very real example of how man react to animals when they start invading our homes and community. The film however had the ability to make us realize that man had been the first to invade the animals’ home and since they get their food from their ecosystem, man’s invasion of their habitat also affects their existence (Peabody, 2006). The film is far from serious and boring, it is funny, entertaining and honest, and brutally honest I must say. The film actually appealed to my sense of justice and equality knowing that man and beast should live together in the best possible way. Although, the film was targeted for children of all ages, some of the dialogues were brazen and crude, thus the film landed in the PG rating, but all the same it contains the essential elements of a good story, interesting characters, excellent animation and great actors and this held my interest in the film until its end.

Physics of the Moon :: physics science space

Gravitational Force of Bodies All bodies with mass exert a gravitational pull on the bodies around them, even you and me. The larger the radius and mass of the body the larger the force. Most people know that the force of gravity on earth is much greater than on the moon, but how much larger is it, and how is gravity calculated? German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1576-1630) spent years observing the motion of planets and developed a set of laws for planetary motion. Years after his death Physicist Isaac Newton (1642-1727) used these laws to help him develop his law of universal gravitation. The law of Universal Gravitation states that: "every particle in the Universe attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them" (Serway 424). This essential means that the force of gravity increases the larger the masses are and decreases the farther away the masses are. The formula to determine the the magnitude of the gravitational force is: Fg = G (M1M2)/R^2 G is the Universal Gravitational Constant, M1 and M2 is the mass of the two objects and R is the distance between them. On Earth the force of gravity causes all objects to accelerate at 9.8m/s^2. For example, say you have a mass of 1kg on the surface of the earth. The force of gravity between the two objects is given by: Fg= (6.673x10^-11)(5.9736x10^24)(1) (6.3781x10^6)^2 Fg = 9.8 m/s^2 6.672x10^-11 is the value of the universal gravitational constant (G), 5.9736x10^24 is the mass of the Earth (M1) in kg, 1 is the mass of our object on the earth's surface (M2) in kg, and 6.3781x10^6 is the distance between the center of the Earth and the Earth's surface (R) in meters. 9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration force between objects and the earth On the moon this value is much less because the moon has a smaller mass and radius. If the same 1kg object is on the surface of the moon, the force of gravity on it is given by: Fg = (6.673x10^-11)(7.349x10^22)(1) (1.7381x10^6)^2 Fg = 1.6 m/s^2 7.349x10^22 is the mass of the moon in kg and 1.7381x10^6 is the radius of the moon in meters. On the moon objects experience roughly 1/6 the gravitational force they would on Earth. Two astronuats are playing catch on the moon. They throw and catch the ball at a height of 1.

Greece Crisis: Analysis, Learnings and Takeaways Essay

Greek Crisis: Background Through this write up, we are trying to explain the circumstances which led to the sovereign debt crisis in Greece. European Union was established in the year 1992 through the Maastricht treaty. The purpose of formation was to create something powerful on the lines of the USA, The United States of Europe. Also, the idea was to establish and maintain peace in the turbulent regions. In the year 1999, Euro zone was formed and a common currency, Euro, came into being. Countries set aside the currencies they each were using previously and instead dealt themselves Euros. Greece undertook the same operation. It relinquished its drachmas and received an equivalent amount of Euros. Henceforth Greek firms and Greek citizens could buy goods and services anywhere in the Euro zone with their Euros. Greece has always been an overspending economy. It’s a leisure driven economy where the government always tends to spend more than its means. This trend went to a new level when the Greek government got access to cheap and easier financing. Due to the introduction of the common currency, they could borrow as easily as a strongly backed Germany. The government previously used to monetise its deficit by printing currency. Since the choice of printing currency was no longer available due to the introduction of the monetary union, the government now resorted to borrowing lavishly to meet its deficit. The debt to GDP ratio also increased during the period. During 2004-2009, output in the Greek economy increased in nominal terms by 40%, while central government primary expenditures increased by 87% against an increase of only 31% in tax revenues. Public sector wages rose by over 50% between 1999 and 2007. Greece lived under the helm of a welfare state, with excessive spending on wages and early retirement benefits. Greek Crisis: Consequences of sub-prime Tourism and shipping are the two biggest revenue generators for the Greek economy. Both the sectors were badly hit when the sub-prime crisis wrecked global economy. There was a significant drop in the government revenue due to the shrinking of earnings from these sectors. Also, tax evasion, which was always an area of concern for the country, took full shape during this period. This led to high fiscal deficit and even higher levels of debt. In October 2009, Fitch downgraded the sovereign debt of Greece to BBB+. This lead to widening of bond yield spreads and CDS spreads. In April 2010, Greek debt was further downgraded to junk status, which effectively closed the availability of capital market financing to the country. This all was a part of a large vicious cycle. Poor ratings and excessive debt led to higher yields. Tax revenues fall due to tax evasion and GDP shrinkage. This led to higher deficit which warranted borrowing more to finance the deficit, which led to even higher cost of debt. Greek Crisis: Troika steps in The European Commission, The European Central Bank and IMF are called the troika, the three pillars on which the Greek and Euro zone hopes are resting. Amidst concerns that Greece will default on its payments and might exit the Euro zone, the troika steeped in to bail out the country. Phases of bailouts were given, based on the following measures: Austerity measures to restore fiscal balance Privatisation of government assets worth â‚ ¬50bn by the end of 2015 Structural reforms to improve growth prospects Also, debt restructuring was carried out in Greece as part of the second bailout plan. Under this, private creditors holding Greek govt. bonds were to accept lower interest rates and a 53.5% face value loss. This led to a fall in the forecasted Debt t o GDP ratio of 198% in 2012 to around 160% in the same period. The aim is to reduce the ratio to 120% by 2020. From 2012-14, troika is to cover all Greek financial needs through restructuring and bailout packages. From 2015-20, financial needs are to be met partly by capital markets and partly by privatization of govt. Assets. In May 2012, a 2 year extension was demanded till 2017 to return to self financed situation. 2 key bills were passed in the Greek Parliament pertaining to this in the last week – ‘Labour market reform’ and ‘Midterm fiscal plan 2013-16’. Should Greece leave the Euro Area? Is a fiscally-challenged country likely to want to leave the Euro Area? The brief answer is no – quite the contrary: a fiscally weak country is better off in the Euro Area than outside it. The only argument for leaving the Euro Area is that the introduction of a new national currency (New Drachma, say) would lead to an immediate sharp nominal and real depreciation of the new currency and a gain in competitiveness, which would be most welcome. It also would not last. The key rigidities in small open economies like Greece are real rigidities, not persistent Keynesian nominal rigidities, which are necessary for a depreciation or devaluation of the nominal exchange rate to have a material and durable impact on real competitiveness. Unless the balance of economic and political power is changed fundamentally, a depreciation of the nominal exchange rate would soon lead to adjustments of domestic costs and prices that would restore the old uncompetitive real equilibrium. All other arg uments either favour staying in for a fiscally weak country or are neutral. As regards the existing stock of sovereign debt, in or out makes no difference. Re-denominating the old euro-denominated debt in New Drachma would be an act of default. A country might as well stay in the Euro Area and default on the euro-denominated debt. As regards new government borrowing, issuing New Drachma denominated debt would be more costly (because an exchange risk premium would be added to the sovereign risk premium) than new borrowing using euro-denominated debt as part of the Euro Area. There would be massive balance sheet disruption for banks, other financial institutions and other corporate with large balance sheets, as the existing stock of assets and liabilities would remain euro denominated but there would no longer be a euro lender of last resort. It may be possible for contract and securities internal to Greece, that is entered into or issued under Greek jurisdiction alone, to be redenominated in New Drachma, but cross-border contracts and securities issued in other jurisdictions could not be redenominated that way without this constituting a n act of default. There would be no fiscal-financial support from other Euro Area member states should a country leave the Euro Area. Leaving the Euro Area means leaving the EU. There is no such thing as a former Euro Area member that continues as an EU member. A current EA member wishing to leave the EA but continue as an EU member would have to leave both the Euro Area and the EU and then re-apply for EU membership. Under the Lisbon Treaty, there now is a procedure for leaving the EU. A country cannot be expelled from the Euro Area, or from the EU. The only real threat of the Euro Area breaking up comes from the possibility that one or more of the fiscally strongest and more competitive members (Germany) could decide to leave the Euro Area (and the EU), because of a fear of becoming the bailer-out of first resort for all would-be fiscally-insolvent Euro Area member states. The changing of the generations in Germany from Kohl to Schrà ¶der and then to Merkel has weakened the traditional umbilical link of Germany, and especially Germany’s political class, to the EU and the Euro Area, but not (yet) to the point that one can reasonably envisage Germany leaving the Euro Area and the EU. Alternatives * Wage increase, higher inflation in Germany Wage increase in Germany would fuel inflation in Germany that will lead to increase in cost of goods sold in the economy. This would accelerate industry expansion to other territories especially like Greece, Spain. Since Greece’s main economy driver has been the tourism industry and that is also seasonal. * Common Eurobonds Instead of having separate government bonds, common Euro bonds should be issued. This would never lead to the chain reaction that was led by the Greek government bonds. * Greece or other weaker nations leaving Euro zone Greece and other weaker nations should leave Euro Zone and back to their respective currencies. This would help adjust their monetary policy with their fiscal policy. * Fiscal Integration One of the major development areas is increased European integration giving a central body increased control over the budgets of member states Key Learnings * LESSON 1: Financial markets are prone to exaggerations, which amplify further the pro-cyclicality inherent in asset valuations In times of recession, when the degree of risk aversion increases and GDP growth contracts, asset prices tend to decline and risk spreads rise. Also during this period, the standard pattern of pro-cyclicality may be amplified by market exaggerations: investors tend to over-price certain types of risk and thus under-price the respective financial assets. Exaggerated pro-cyclicality of this type has hit the sovereign bond market during the crisis. Furthermore, in particular through the use of sovereign bonds as collateral, it has exerted adverse effects on other segments of financial markets, such as the funding markets for financial institutions. There are many ways to mitigate this pro-cyclicality of government bond markets. One way is to reduce the reliance of the financial, regulatory and supervisory framework on credit ratings * LESSON 2: Fiscal Policy Union along with Monetary Policy Union is important in order to keep countries with common currency on the same page Since Euro was a common currency, Euro Currency Board took charge of the common monetary policy for the nations, but the fiscal policies differed in each country, leading to a widening gap between each country’s financial statuses. One way to curb this problem is to facilitate fiscal integration of the organizations. This would ensure that no country is not overspending and will have limited budget to workout. * LESSON 3: Welfare of the masses is not in Transfer Payments but in Investment and employment creation in the country Austerity measures would only help in curtailing the massive expenditures done on Social welfare schemes such unemployment allowances. Nations should focus on increasing the investment in the nation and looking for opportunities, where it can generate employment for its masses. This would lead to long-term economic stability in the nation. Takeaways for India * While the Indian economy needs fund flows from different sources, it should exercise special caution while depending on the overseas debt India must not allow its public debt to increase any further, especially from the external sources which may play havoc with the country’s debt situation amidst increasing volatility rupee’s foreign exchange rate * India must focus on curtailing its fiscal deficit and should be very cautious in opening up its market and allowing foreigners to invest in government securities Per capita public debt is higher than the growth in per capita income, implying that the population borrowings are increasing at a much faster pace than their earnings. Hence population is being burdened with higher amounts of public debt. Per capita income and per capita debt both have increased over the years. While per-capita income increased from Rs. 26,015 in 2005-06 to Rs. 38,005 in 2011-12 the per capita debt increased from Rs. 13,276.87 in 2005-06 to Rs. 27,044.22 in 2011-12 * Interest Payments are absorbing about one-third of Central Government’s revenue, leading to increase in non-plan expenditure. Interest payments is the fact that not only are interest payment a large contributor to the non-plan expenditure but a large part of the total revenue receipts of the Central Government are also being used to finance them and raising funds from overseas as debt at present times poses several risks, the main problem being extra burden on redemption because of lowering of the rupee value.

Animal Shelters

Animal Shelters For The Win! Did you know that there are about 4 to 6 thousand animal shelters in the United States? Also did you know that there are between 8 to 12 million animals in those animal shelters? Unfortunately each year between 4 to 6 million of those animals are euthanized due to not being able to find a home. That’s almost half of the animals that enter a shelter yearly! But what If I told you that you can make change for those animals, if you can take euthanization completely off the table and that you’d be doing something good for you at the same time.You would do it right? Well then you should go adopt a pet at your local shelter. Not only will you be helping the animals but you would also benefit greatly from this. You would help save lives and also gain a new best friend. Studies have shown that more animals are euthanized than adopted at an animal shelter! So it is time for people to step up and make a difference in the world! It’s not like th e workers at an animal shelter want the animals to be euthanized, but they have no choice because many new animals come in everyday to the animal shelters all throughout the United States.I am going to convince all of you guys to adopt an animal at a local animal shelter and not at a pet store. Buying an animal at a pet store may seem like a good option, but in reality there is a better option! That option is adopting an animal at an animal shelter! Do you know what Puppy Mills are? How about Commercial Kennels? Well this is important to know because many of the animals from those pet stores are from these Puppy Mills and large commercial kennels. Puppy Mills are dog breeding facilities that put profits ahead of the welfare of dogs. Those breeders do not care about filth, disease, socialization, and overcrowding.They don't care about inbreeding or genetic defects either. They don't care about who in the world buy the puppies and also they do not care about wearing out the breeding m oms. They just care about making money. Yes I said it. Money, money, and more money. It’s a sad truth but it's the truth. On the other hand, the animals at an animal shelter are well cared for and are not forcefully bred. The people there actually care for the animals and help treat the animals who were once abused, left behind, and not cared for. Many of those working at an animal shelter usually do not get paid much or do not get paid at all.Most volunteer their time to help the animals in desperate need! They do it because they have a passion for animals. They do not care about the money, they care about the animals health, well being, and most importantly, helping the animals find a new home. There is a myth that animal shelters do not have purebred animals but that is completely untrue! That is just a rumor. If you just take time to go to your local animal shelter, I know that you can find a purebred animal. Of course it would be harder to find purebred animals, but it i s definitely not impossible.Another reason why I think adopting is a better option is that not only is there a variety of animals there, but it is also much more affordable. Did you really think that buying a pet at a pet store was cheaper? Well you are wrong! Adoption fees at an animal shelter are much lower than buying from a pet store. Adoption fees can vary by location and animal shelters, but the prices can range from being free to 250 dollars. Comparing to the prices at a pet store, many animals like dogs and cats are being sold for almost triple the price! Some are even sold for 1000 dollars! That is really expensive!This shows how the animal shelters put the animals before the money. Imagine yourself in a world, where there were no animal shelters. Only those puppy mills and large commercial kennels. Life would suck right? The population of animals would decrease tremendously and also there would be so many more animals with illnesses, diseases, and defects. Also the animals would have to continue to live life sad and suffer in pain, the rest of their life. Now, Imagine the world where everyone only adopted animals at a shelter! The world would be so much happier for the animals and the people!There would no longer be any more of those Puppy mills or large commercial kennels and there would be no more of those heartless people who forcefully breed animals for money. Life would be so much better and if the animals could talk, I know they would say something like this†¦ â€Å"I love you,† and â€Å"Thank you for saving my life. † So the next time you want to have a new pet, just remember and think back about how adopting at an animal shelter is a better option than buying from a pet store. Think about how the animals from a pet store come from puppy mills and commercial kennels.Think about how poorly the animals are treated, and how this results in the animals having serious illnesses, diseases, and genetic defects. There is a simple s olution to this problem. All you have to do is adopt from an animal shelter and not buy from a pet store! Don't forget that those people from those puppy mills and commercial kennels just breed for quantity not quality. Not persuasive enough? Be Quiet! Then you better read my persuasive speech paper again. Haha I’m just kidding. But seriously adopt your new best friend from your local shelter!

Obama and Romney on Immigration essay

Obama and Romney on Immigration essay Obama and Romney on Immigration essay Obama and Romney on Immigration essayIt is not a secret that immigration has been an important controversial issue in the recent presidential campaign. After watching Obama and Romney Debate Each Other’s Immigration Policy (2012 Presidential Debate 2), I can express my personal views regarding this issue. As a supporter of one side of this issue, namely President Obama’s views on immigration, I believe that it is necessary to fix immigration policy in order to make it more flexible.I can identify the points made by the presidential candidate that most closely represents my perspective in the issue. I completely agree with President Obama that it is necessary to support a comprehensive immigration reform that will represent a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants. Romney does not support this idea. In addition, I agree with President Obama that this policy should be changed. It is very important to stop the national policy of self-deportation which makes the live s of people miserable. Arizona’s immigration law cannot be regarded as the best model for the nation because it fails to address the needs of American citizens. I believe that this would require change of current policy. It would be better to send back illegal immigrants involved in criminal activity and recent arrivals rather than honest immigrants and their families who have settled in the United States and contribute to the growth of the U.S. economy.The USA is a nation of immigrants and it is necessary to support immigrants in order to promote democracy and protection of human rights. Immigration policy should be changed. I believe that Obama’s Dream Act could be effective at it ensures the protection of the rights of young illegal immigrants who came to the USA as children. They should be given a pathway to citizenship and enjoy equal rights with other American citizens if they want to attend university or to join the military (Theodoulou Kofinis, 2013). In gener al, President Obama better represents my views on immigration.

Biography of Mary Parker Follett, Management Theorist

Biography of Mary Parker Follett, Management Theorist Mary Parker Follett (September 3, 1868–December 18, 1933) was an American social theorist known for introducing ideas about human psychology and human relations into industrial management. Her articles and essays had a profound influence on the field of organizational behavior. Modern management theory owes much to her original ideas. Fast Facts: Mary Parker Follett Known For: Follett was a management theorist who incorporated ideas from psychology and human relations into her theories.Born: September 3, 1868 in Quincy, MassachusettsParents: Charles and Elizabeth FollettDied: December 18, 1933 in Boston, MassachusettsEducation: University of Cambridge, Radcliffe CollegePublished Works: The Speaker of the House of Representatives (1896), The New State (1918), Creative Experience (1924), Dynamic Administration: The Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett (1942) Early Life Mary Parker Follett was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, on September 3, 1868. She studied at the Thayer Academy in Braintree, Massachusetts, where she credited one of her teachers with inspiring many of her later ideas. In 1894, she used her inheritance to study at the Society for Collegiate Instruction of Women, sponsored by Harvard, and later completed a year of study at Newnham College in  Cambridge, England, in 1890. She studied on and off at Radcliffe College as well, starting in the early 1890s. In 1898, Follett graduated summa cum laude from Radcliffe. Her research at Radcliffe was published in 1896 and again in 1909 as The Speaker of the House of Representatives. Career Follett began working in Roxbury as a voluntary social worker in 1900 at the Roxbury Neighborhood House of Boston. Here, she helped organize recreation, education, and social activities for poor families and for working boys and girls. In 1908, Follett became chair of the Womens Municipal League Committee on Extended Use of School Buildings, part of a movement to open schools after hours so that the community could use the buildings for activities. In 1911, she and others opened the East Boston High School Social Center. She also helped found other social centers in Boston. In 1917, Follett took on the vice presidency of the National Community Center Association, and in 1918 she published her book on community, democracy, and government, The New State. Follett published another book, Creative Experience, in 1924, with more of her ideas about the creative interactions that take place between people in group processes. She credited her work in the settlement house movement with many of her insights. She shared a home in Boston for 30 years with Isobel L. Briggs.  In 1926, after Briggs death, Follett moved to England to live and work and to study at Oxford. In 1928, Follett consulted with the League of Nations and with the International Labor Organization in Geneva. She lived in London for a time with Dame Katharine Furse of the Red Cross. In her later years, Follett became a popular writer and lecturer in the business world. She was a lecturer at the London School of Economics in 1933, and she also provided personal advice to President Theodore Roosevelt on organizational management. Management Theories Follett advocated for a human relations emphasis equal to a mechanical or operational emphasis in management. Her work contrasted with the scientific management of Frederick W. Taylor and promoted by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, which stressed time and motion studies. These approaches did not account for human psychology and the ways in which work demands might be in conflict with personal needs; rather, they treated human activities as machine processes that could be optimized to produce better results. Unlike her contemporaries, Follett stressed the importance of the personal interactions between management and workers. She looked at management and leadership holistically, presaging modern systems approaches; she identified a leader as someone who sees the whole rather than the particular. Follett was one of the first (and for a long time, one of the few) to integrate the idea of organizational conflict into management theory, and is sometimes referred to as the mother of conflict resolution. Follett believed that conflict, rather than presenting a need to compromise, could actually be an opportunity for people to develop innovative solutions that they would not have been able to devise on their own. In this way, she promoted the idea of reciprocity within organizational structures. In a 1924 essay, Power, Follett coined the terms power-over and power-with to differentiate coercive power from participative decision-making, showing how power-with can be greater than power-over. Do we not see now, she observed, that while there are many ways of gaining an external, an arbitrary power- through brute strength, through manipulation, through diplomacy- genuine power is always that which inheres in the situation? Death Mary Parker Follett died in 1933 during a visit to Boston. She was honored widely for her work with the Boston School Centers, including her promotion of after-hours programming for the community. Legacy After Folletts death, her papers and speeches from 1942 were compiled and published in Dynamic Administration, and in 1995 Pauline Graham edited a compilation of her writings in Mary Parker Follett: Prophet of Management. The New State was printed in a new edition in 1998 with helpful additional material. In 1934, Follett was honored by Radcliffe as one of the colleges most distinguished graduates. Her work was mostly forgotten in America, and is still largely neglected in studies of the evolution of management theory, despite the accolades of more recent thinkers like management consultant Peter Drucker, who has called Follett the prophet of management and his guru. Folletts ideas also had a strong influence on psychologists such as Kurt Lewin, who studied group dynamics, and Abraham Maslow, who studied human needs and health. Sources Follett, Mary Parker, et al.  The Essential Mary Parker Follett. Franà §ois Hà ©on, Inc., 2014.Follett, Mary Parker, and Pauline Graham.  Mary Parker Follett: Prophet of Management; a Celebration of Writings from the 1920s. Beard Books, 2003.Follett, Mary Parker., et al.  Dynamic Administration: The Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett. Taylor Francis Books Ltd., 2003.Tonn, Joan C.  Mary P. Follett: Creating Democracy, Transforming Management. Yale University Press, 2003.

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Microeconomics - Essay Example The worst thing about monopoly is that the seller gets market command by which he may exploit the customers either by charging high rate or sacrificing product quality. Though, monopoly is not a good thing in the market, it cannot be avoided from the market. Suppose, when the seller has a monopoly over certain resources which are used for producing a particular item such as oil, minerals etc. Sometimes, when a seller is equipped with a unique skill, which others in the same industry lack. In certain occasions, monopoly is legally attained for the patent or copy right for a product/service. Government also allows certain organisation to have sole power over certain product/service by legislation. One such organisation is what this paper is going to discuss about. Indian Railway comes under the department of Indian Government, which came into being in1853. It is the world’s second largest rail network. All the rail operations are managed by the state-owned Indian Railways, which fall under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Railways. Rail transport is one of the common modes of the transport for large population of the country. Its network spreads across 28 states and 3 union territories with limited services to places like Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. (Indian Railways, para. 4) It is the second largest commercial employer in the world and has more than 1.54 million employees and runs as many as 11,000 trains daily. (Official web site of Indian Railway). It has been assisting the growth of Indian economy directly and indirectly since its inception. During the many ups and downs of the country’s economy in the past, railway has been an integrating force to stabilize the economy and maintain economic growth of the country. Indian Railway is not a private corporate body. It operates under the Railway Department of Ministry of Railways of Government of India. But, in the recent times it is striving to attain the professionalism in

Personal use of ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal use of ethics - Essay Example Ethics can be further sub-divided in many forms, such as deontological ethics, utilitarian ethics, natural law ethics, Divine command ethics, social contract ethics, care ethics, virtue ethics, and normative ethics. All these ethics have a very specific and pivotal role in personal life of an individual, as well as his/her professional commitments (Mizzoni?, 2010). Deontological ethics can be referred to as morality, obligation or rule based ethics. Deontology dictates the moral values of a person as a response to the rules and regulations even if he or she is not being monitored. It is something related to self discipline. Utilitarian ethics include all good and bad results of an act, which are produced after completion of an act or popped-up at any stage during the act. The acts can be classified as morally right or wrong only if the consequences are so significant that a person wishes to see the agent compelled, not merely persuaded and exhorted, to act in the preferred manner. Vi rtue ethics is the ordinary times of our lives when we face daily life decisions that involve conflict of values. It is concerned about how people express and form their character through their choices and actions in everyday situation. It sees the ordinary life as the place where most of moral life takes place (Pojman?, 2005). Virtue ethics in normal life Among the above defined ethics, virtue ethics is the most common and important of all ethics as it has a role to play in every walk of life. It forms the basis towards other major approaches; it is goal oriented ethics because we strive to live morally in order to move closer to the perfection that God desires and perfect union with the God that awaits us. Virtue ethics are commonly referred as Aristotelian virtue ethics. These ethics are teleological as the character values of a person are linked with relations to other human beings. In our daily life and our connection with the people around us, the thing that creates the person ality image is purely dependent upon some of the factors. The first factor is how much obligations one has to him/herself, the family, the community or the world at large. These obligations come through the basic character traits induced in grooming and personality development. The second factor is being fair in life with everyone, irrespective of the fact that this person is known or unknown to you (Carr? and Steutel, 1999). Having achieved a better standard in virtue ethics by some of the factors mentioned above, the individual can influence all aspects of his/her life, including the profession. A person with strong character traits will definitely be loyal and hardworking to the profession, thereby keeping an instinct check on his/her dealings and response to the surrounding people. Justified behaviour with everyone is of utmost important in our day to day life; whether we are at home with families, out in market for shopping or in hospital for medical care (Shaw?, 1993). In toda y’s era, everyone around us seems to be much self-centred, busy in the personal life, committed to the private business; thereby ignoring or not paying the due attention to the rights of people around. We observe the same while we are travelling on the road, interacting with people in markets, in the streets and even in the hospitals. We only focus on requirements and needs specific to us without realizing that someone may be in more distress or has got more disturbances. Even if we extend help to someone, s/he feels

Source Document Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Source Document Analysis - Essay Example Elizabeth as queen represents England and the 30 year old Sir Walter Raleigh and ‘his heires and assignes forever’ (page 289), will act as her agent in the ‘new lands and countries.’ As to whether Elizabeth had the right to claim for herself land that already belonged to others, the American natives, that is another matter. Walter Raleigh was an explorer, but in fact, as far as North America was concerned, he merely organised various expeditions.. He is described as ‘our trusted and well beloved servant’, He is given great authority, â€Å"all and meere power and authoritie to correct, punish, pardon, governe,† ( page 293) but the queen was giving nothing away. She expected great returns from her new world colonies.( page 291) â€Å" reserving alwayes to us, our heires and successors, for all services, dueties, and demaunds, the fift part of all the oare of golde and silver.† She was presumably influenced by the stories of gold and silver that the Spanish had discovered further south. There were provisions in case of problems ( page 295 and 296). Then there would be retaliation – if there was not satisfaction then all involved would be ‘out of our allegiance and protection.’ ( page 296) As well as an explorer Raleigh was also courtier, statesman, farmer, sailor, scientist and man of letters. Despite all this, and the apparent esteem in which Elizabeth seems to hold him when this letter patent was written, he would later fall from royal favour and become a prisoner in the notorious Tower of London. This happened when Elizabeth discovered his intrigue with one of court ladies, Elizabeth Throckmorton, a lady whom he would later marry. Paul Halsall ( 1998) puts his problems down to rivalry from his rival the Earl of Essex, a great favourite of Elizabeth’s. He would get into even worse trouble during the reign of Elizabeth’s successor , James I, and was eventually executed. Despit e the fact that the document states that Raleigh is described as ‘discovering and planting new lands, he in fact did this in company with his much less well known half brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert., as described by Paul Halsall, 1998. The queen would not allow Raleigh to actually land in North America, but he did much of the organizing, including the beginnings of Roanoke Island. Also although it just says ‘new lands and countries’ it in fact referred to the colonization of Virginia. However despite two expeditions, and attempts to found lasting settlements, neither resulted in a permanent settlement. There is mention of Raleigh’s ‘heirs and assignees forever’ and to Elizabeth’s ‘heires and successors’, yet in the second line of the heading a much shorter and more precise period is mentioned ‘the space of six yeeres and no more’. During this period Elizabeth forbids others to interfere.( page 292) Elizabeth was in control. She had earlier refused to allow Raleigh to travel to Nova Scotia with his half brother in 1583, a trip from which Gilbert did not return alive. ( The Pirates, undated), We are told that Sir Walter Raleigh could go anywhere not already in the possession ‘of any Christian Prince’ i.e. he couldn’t take over land already held by Spain for instance. We are told he can ‘have, hold occupy and enjoy’

management accounting assignment

management accounting assignment 1. Activity: General ledger department reconciles and updates the general ledgers. Objective: The main purpose of having reconciliation in an organization is to ensure that the overall accuracy, completeness and consistency of account balance. Narrowly, it is to compare accounting information that exists in two systems or locations (‘Reconciliation of Balance Sheet Accounts’, n.d.). Jessica (n.d.) also found that reconciliation helped in identifying the misstatement in account records and file. If accountants have successfully found the errors, they must immediately update the adjustment. It is to ensure that the final completed financial reports accurately represent the financial status of the organization (Jim, S., 2008). Example: The accountant in Puspa Footwear Manufacture can agree and reconcile the journal vouchers from cost accounting and inventory subsidiary ledgers from inventory control (James A. Hall, 2013). 2. Activity: Production planning and control department determines the material and operation requirements with the inventory status report and sales forecast. Objective: The main objective of this activity is to get the right quantity of materials to the right place at the right time (Vassilis, M., 2000). By having the inventory status report and sales forecast, the management in this department will be informed with the information of reorder point, quantity on hand, quantity on order, and the sales expectation that salesmen want to achieve (â€Å"Inventory stock status by item report†, n.d.) (â€Å"Forecast and plan your sales†, n.d.). Then, this department will determine how much material is required in that batch production. It can avoid any wastage of materials indirectly. It is similar as just in time production model which goods are manufacture to meet demand, not manufactured in surplus. (â€Å"Just-in-time manufacturing†, n.d.). Example: After understanding the reports from inventory control department and marketing department, production planning control staff in Puspa Footwear Manufacture has decided the types and quantity of material required and sent purchase requisition to suppliers. 3. Activity: Production planning and control department reviews the bill of materials and route sheet. Objective: By reviewing of bill of materials (BOM) and route sheet, these two source documents have provided necessary information to plan the production schedule. The information mainly relates to the time constraints, batch sizes and specification (James A. Hall, 2010). By planning the production schedule, an organization can achieve 3 primary goals. It is to avoid the delay in completion of jobs, to well spend the time, and to maximize the utilization of equipment and machine (â€Å"Production Planning and Scheduling†, n.d.). Example: In the case study, it did mention that Production planning and control department gathered and reviewed the bill of materials and route sheet and prepared two copies of production schedules to work center and cost accounting department. 4. Activity: Employee timecards and job tickets are prepared and sent to payroll department and cost accounting department. Objective: The purpose to prepare the time cards and job tickets is to identify the attendance of workers or employees and to determine their wages or salaries. As evidence to the employees’ formal daily attendance, the payroll department will use the information in the time cards to decide whether there is bonus or commission to the employees. Besides, the job tickets are sent to cost accounting department to allocate the direct labor charges to work in process accounts. In short, by having these two valid evidences, the fairness to allocate the salaries is enhanced. Example: The production workers are required to punch the time card twice per working day (when they are going to work and when the working hour ends). 5. Activity: Cost accounting department reconciles material usage and labor usage and calculates variance. Objective: The primary objective in this activity is to monitor the current performance in production line via variance analysis. Edwards-Nutton (2008) also defined the variance accounting activity as ‘the evaluation of performance by means of variances, whose timely reporting should maximize the opportunity for managerial action.’ By interpreting the difference between the actual cost and budgeted cost, the management is able to know the efficiency and volume variances in the material usage variance. This can indirectly help to develop an understanding of the present costs and then to control the future costs. This is a kind of useful forecasting as well. Example: In the case study, the staff in cost accounting department did reconcile the material usage and labor usage and calculate the variance by using the information of move ticket, work order, job ticket, and journal voucher. The staff then updates the WIP account. 6. Activity: Production planning and control department prepared move tickets. Objective: The preparation of move tickets is actually one of the ways to detect and inspect the quality of the intermediates or spare parts of finished goods. It is to ensure that all the portion of finished goods meet the quota then only can be processed for the next stage. It is also beneficial for the management to prepare the move ticket because this activity can ensure the smooth flow of the production process. Example: In producing footwear, there are basically 4 stages. Firstly, the Clicking or Cutting Department will prepare the cutting and size of the footwear. Then the process will be handled by Closing or Machining Department, followed by Lasting Making Department and lastly Finishing Department and the Shoe Room (â€Å"Shoe Making Process†, n.d.). Therefore, between each stage, the personnel in charge are required to inspect the process and authorize it by using move tickets. Edwards-Nutton, S. (2008, March).Standard costing and variance analysis. Topic Gateway Series. RetrievedJuly12, 2014, from http://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/cid_tg_standard_costing_and_variance_analysis_mar08.pdf.pdf Forecast and plan your sales. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/forecast-and-plan-your-sales/ Jim, S. (2008, October).General Ledger Review. Reviewing Your Ledger. RetrievedJuly12, 2014, from http://dafis.ucdavis.edu/training/docs/GLReview.pdf Jessica, K. (n.d.).How to Reconcile General Ledger Accounts | Chron.com. Retrieved July12, 2014, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/reconcile-general-ledger-accounts-3915.html James A. Hall (2010). Principles of accounting information systems (First Asia Edition), CENGAGE Learning. James A. Hall (2013). Accounting information systems (8th edition), CENGAGE Learning. Production Planning and Scheduling. (n.d.). Retrieved July12, 2014, from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Or-Pr/Production-Planning-and-Scheduling.htm QuickBooks Support Inventory stock status by item report. (n.d.). RetrievedJuly12, 2014, from http://support.quickbooks.intuit.com/support/pages/inproducthelp/core/qb2k12/contentpackage/core/reports_description_other/rpt_inv_stock_byitem.html?family=pro Reconciliation of Balance Sheet Accounts. (n.d.). Retrieved July12, 2014. from http://policy.umn.edu/Policies/Finance/Accounting/RECONCILIATION_PROC03.htm Vassilis, M. (2000, January). Material requirement planning. Innoregio Project. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http://www.adi.pt/docs/innoregio_mrp-en.pdf Just-in-time manufacturing (JIT manufacturing). (n.d.). RetrievedJuly12, 2014, from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/just-in-time-manufacturing-JIT-manufacturing Shoe Making Process. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.teonline.com/knowledge-centre/shoe-making-how-shoes-made.html

Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom -- Wedding Toasts R

Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I must admit, I am more nervous about participating in this wedding than I was as the groom (bridegroom) at my own wedding. Maybe it's because I have been married thirty years and I know what my son is getting himself in to! Joking aside, I've had a wonderful marriage and I would like to remind David and Arba that it's a serious business, and shouldn't be entered into lightly - although, at his weight, my son certainly isn't doing that. So how can the happy couple ensure a happy marriage? A lot of advice has already come their way, some which may be of use, some of it may not. For me, the key appears to be understanding women and how they communicate. I've always found the following a good guide: If the word "nothing" is uttered, this actually means "something" and you should be on your to...

Stakeholder analysis

This is important if we are to take into consideration and somehow respond o those actors who may feel threatened by and resist change. It is also important to distinguish primary stakeholders, those who benefit from an intervention or programmer. Stakeholder analysis is used to understand who the key actors are around a given issue and to gauge the importance of different groups' interests and potential influence. It also serves to highlight groups who are most affected by a given issue and least able to influence the situation.How to use this framework Stakeholder analysis should be focused on a single issue, e. G. Girls' education or recruitment of child soldiers. It can serve as an analytical framework for processing data or as a data collection exercise to be done in the field: based on review of existing information (documentary review); in group meetings; through key informant interviews (centrally or in the field). It can serve in an assessment exercise, in a programmer monit oring exercise (e. G. To further probe positions/ interests as the programmer advances) and in an evaluation (e. . How have interests changed, supporting or impeding programmer progress). What it can tell us Identify different groups that can be sources of information; Interpret perspectives provided by each group; Identify who could positively or negatively influence programmer responses; To support realistic programmer planning and management, data collectors must look carefully within the group of primary stakeholders, recognizing that this group is not uniform, but include sub-groups with different characteristics (e. G. Omen, children, leaders); and at the wider group of actors that might positively or negatively influence a situation. A â€Å"do no harm† perspective (see content sheet â€Å"Do no harm') must foresee which non- remarry stakeholder groups might seek to benefit from a programmer at the expense of primary stakeholders Direct capacity-building efforts A cap acity-building approach to the projects should seek to increase primary stakeholders' influence over the achievement of a goal (I. E. Move primary stakeholders towards sector 1 in the Venn diagram on the next page).Representing stakeholders as a Venn diagram Two circles distinguish stakeholders: Primary stakeholders (those who will benefit from an intervention) are represented inside the dotted oval; The wider context of stakeholders is presented by the larger oval. Two axes (influence/be influenced and win/lose) divide the diagram into four areas: Sector 1: Those who can influence the situation and benefit from it; examples: Outsiders: local and international Nags, political factions; Primary stakeholders: influential actors (e. . Leaders). Sector 2: Those who are influenced by the changes and will benefit from it; examples: Primary stakeholders; Non-primary stakeholders who will nonetheless gain from the project's outcomes. Sector 3: Those who cannot influence the achievement of a goal and will be effected negatively by it; examples: Primary stakeholders and outsiders whose status or relative wealth are changed by an activity.

Money an Possesions

The Bible says a lot about money, wealth and riches. Jesus said, â€Å"It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God. † (Mark 10:25). Jesus, already knows the human heart better than anyone . So many times, rich people make wealth their number one priority instead of God. They spend most of their time making wealth, and spending it. Money becomes their idol. God said in his commandment that their should be no other Gods before him and hey break that by idealizing money.We don't have enough faith to depend on God and know that he will gives us our desires of our hearts if we Just seek him and give him our all. Our culture wants to buy the new cars, new music players, new computers, new furniture, So we' are caught somewhere in between, not poor but far from rich. We see the importance that money brings to us. We have even seen rich people get treated with respect and we want a piece of that for ourselves. We have God, but we want more.Just like Adam and Eve, we desire to be bigger and better than we are. Satan lied to them then, and he's still lying to us today. We know we can't but certain things and we know that we can't afford vacations, UT the devil tells us we can and then we have to pay the consequences in the long run. As long as we have Jesus we are rich. We don't need all that big stuff. God knows what we need and what we don't need. There was this song; it was called â€Å"The world didn't give and the world can't take it away'.

There Will Come Soft Rains Essays - Human Extinction, Free Essays

There Will Come Soft Rains Essays - Human Extinction, Free Essays There Will Come Soft Rains There Will Come Soft Rains was written by Sara Teasdale as part of one of her works, Collected Poems. It is a lyrical poem that deals with the subsistence of mankind and nature together. It also deals with the serene beauty and existence of nature itself. Throughout the poem, Sara Teasdale emphasizes the existence of mankind and nature in two different worlds, yet the two worlds are also still one in the same. There Will Come Soft Rains has both a literal and figurative meaning. The first three stanzas have literal meaning. They describe nature and its existence in relation to mankind. The last three stanzas have figurative meaning. They describe the individuality of nature by accentuating the separation of both worlds and indicating that their world would remain unaltered without the existence of mankind. The first stanza involves the peaceful clashing of both worlds. Soft rains symbolize a silent war that constantly rages, yet causes no harm. The second stanza describes nature in its natural habitat. The frogs represent all of nature and the pools represent their natural environment. The third stanza again represents the peaceful coexistence of both worlds. The fence wire represents mankind, and the robins represent nature. The last three stanzas of the poem figuratively depict the war between nature and mankind. Sara Teasdale focuses on nature and their unchanged existence without man. These last three stanzas serve to further illustrate the separation of both worlds. The fifth stanza creates the image of a world without man. The sixth stanza demonstrates the reaction of nature to being alone in the world. Sara Teasdale uses Spring to represent nature, and her reaction symbolizes the thoughts and ideas of nature as a whole. Sara Teasdale uses rhyme at the end of each verse of this poem. Rhyme is the repetition of words or syllables with similar sounds. In There Will Come Soft Rains, the last words of each stanza rhyme. She also uses imagery in this poem. Imagery is a technique in which writers convey many messages with few words by creating mental pictures for the reader and combining them all at once. Sara Teasdale uses sound to create images in this poem. The sounds of the frogs and the robins convey the calmness of the setting. The world is placid, and the only sounds are the harmonious songs of nature. The theme of There Will come Soft Rains is peace. The theme also has both literal and figurative meanings. Nature and Mankind both literally exist in the same world, but figuratively, their worlds are utterly different. These two worlds are able to survive peacefully with only one common bond, the world they share. The silent war rages on, but it is not a war of violence. Two totally opposite worlds have learned to coexist with each other, for they realize that they both are one in the same.

Delphi String Handling Routines

Delphi String Handling Routines The CompareText  function compares two strings without case sensitivity. Declaration:function  CompareText(const  S1, S2:  string):  integer; Description:Compares two strings without case sensitivity. The comparison is NOT case sensitive and does not consider the Windows locale settings. The return integer value is less than 0 if S1 is less than S2, 0 if S1 equals S2, or greater than 0 if S1 is greater than S2. This function is obsolete, i.e. it should not be used in new code - exists only for backward compatibility. Example: var s1,s2 : string; i : integer; s1:Delphi; s2:Programming; i: CompareText(s1,s2); //i Copy Function Returns a substring of a string or a segment of a dynamic array. Declaration:function  Copy(S; Index, Count: Integer):  string;function  Copy(S; Index, Count: Integer):  array; Description:Returns a substring of a string or a segment of a dynamic array.S is an expression of a string or dynamic-array type. Index and Count are integer-type expressions. Copy returns a string containing a specified number of characters from a string or sub array containing Count elements starting at S[Index]. If Index is greater than the length of S, Copy returns a zero-length string () or an empty array.  If Count specifies more characters or array elements than are available, only the characters or elements from S[Index] to the end of S are returned. To determine the number of characters in string, use the Length function. A convenient way to copy all the elements of S from the starting Index is to use  MaxInt  as Count. Example: var s : string; s:DELPHI; s : Copy(s,2,3); //sELP; Delete Procedure Removes a substring from a string. Declaration:procedure  Delete(var  S:  string; Index, Count : Integer) Description:Removes Count characters from a string S, starting at Index.  Delphi leaves the string unchanged if Index is not positive or greater than the number of characters after the Index. If Count is greater than the rest of the characters after the Index, the rest of the string is deleted. Example: var s : string; s:DELPHI; Delete(s,3,1) //sDEPHI; ExtractStrings Function Fills a string list with substrings parsed from a delimited list. Declaration:type  TSysCharSet   set of  Char;function  ExtractStrings(Separators, WhiteSpace: TSysCharSet; Content: PChar; Strings: TStrings): Integer; Description:Fills a string list with substrings parsed from a delimited list. Separators are a set of characters that are used as delimiters, separating the substrings, where Carriage returns, newline characters, and quote characters (single or double) are always treated as separators. WhiteSpace is a set of characters to be ignored when parsing Content if they occur at the beginning of a string. Content is the null-terminated string to parse into substrings. Strings is a string list to which all substrings parsed from Content are added. The function returns the number of strings added to the Strings parameter. Example: //example 1 - requires TMemo named Memo1 ExtractStrings([;,,], [ ], about: delphi; pascal, programming , memo1.Lines); //would result in 3 strings added to memo: //about: delphi //pascal //programming //example 2 ExtractStrings([DateSeparator], [ ], PChar(DateToStr(Now)), memo1.Lines); //would result in 3 strings: day month and year of the currnet date //for example 06, 25 ,2003 LeftStr Function Returns a string containing a specified number of characters from the left side of a string. Declaration:function  LeftStr(const  AString: AnsiString;  const  Count: Integer): AnsiString;overload;  function  LeftStr(const  AString: WideString;  const  Count: Integer): WideString;  overload; Description:Returns a string containing a specified number of characters from the left side of a string. AString represents a string expression from which the leftmost characters are returned. Count indicates how many characters to return. If 0, a zero-length string () is returned. If greater than or equal to the number of characters in AString, the entire string is returned. Example: var s : string; s : ABOUT DELPHI PROGRAMMING; s : LeftStr(s,5); // s ABOUT Length Function Returns an integer containing the number of characters in a string or the number of elements in an array. Description:function  Length(const S:  string): integerfunction  Length(const S:  array): integer Declaration:Returns an integer containing the number of characters in a string or the number of elements in an array.  For an array, Length(S) always returns Ord(High(S))-Ord(Low(S))1 Example: var s : string; i : integer; s:DELPHI; i : Length(s); //i6; LowerCase Function Returns a string that has been converted to lowercase. Description:function  LowerCase(const  S:  string):  string; Declaration:Returns a string that has been converted to lowercase.LowerCase only converts uppercase letters to lowercase; all lowercase letters and nonletter characters remain unchanged. Example: var s : string; s:DeLpHi; s : LowerCase(s); //sdelphi; Pos Function Returns an integer specifying the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. Declaration:function  Pos(Str, Source:  string):  integer; Description:Returns an integer specifying the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. Pos looks for the first complete occurrence of Str in Source. If it finds one, it returns the character position in Source of the first character in Str as an integer value, otherwise, it returns 0.Pos is case sensitive. Example: var s : string; i : integer; s:DELPHI PROGRAMMING; i:Pos(HI PR,s); //i5; PosEx Function Returns an integer specifying the position of the first occurrence of one string within another, where the search starts at a specified position. Declaration:function  PosEx(Str, Source :  string, StartFrom : cardinal 1):  integer; Description:Returns an integer specifying the position of the first occurrence of one string within another, where the search starts at a specified position. PosEx looks for the first complete occurrence of Str in Source, beginning the search at StartFrom. If it finds one, it returns the character position in Source of the first character in Str as an integer value, otherwise, it returns 0. PosEx also returns 0 if StartFrom is greater then Length(Source) or if StartPos is 0 Example: var s : string; i : integer; s:DELPHI PROGRAMMING; i:PosEx(HI PR, s, 4); //i1; QuotedStr Function Returns the quoted version of a string. Declaration:function  QuotedStr(const  S:  string):  string; Description:Returns the quoted version of a string. A single quote character () is inserted at the beginning and end of string S, and each single quote character in the string is repeated. Example: var s : string; s:Delphis Pascal; //ShowMessage returns Delphis Pascal s : QuotedStr(s); //ShowMessage returns Delphis Pascal ReverseString Function Returns a string in which the character order of a specified string is reversed. Declaration:function  ReverseString(const  AString :  string):  string; Description:  Returns a string in which the character order of a specified string is reversed Example: var s : string; s:ABOUT DELPHI PROGRAMMING; s:ReverseString(s); //sGNIMMARGORP IHPLED TUOBA RightStr Function Returns a string containing a specified number of characters from the right side of a string. Declaration:function  RightStr(const  AString: AnsiString;  const  Count: Integer): AnsiString;overload;function  RightStr(const  AString: WideString;  const  Count: Integer): WideString;overload; Description:Returns a string containing a specified number of characters from the right side of a string. AString represents a string expression from which the rightmost characters are returned. Count indicates how many characters to return. If greater than or equal to the number of characters in AString, the entire string is returned. Example: var s : string; s : ABOUT DELPHI PROGRAMMING; s : RightStr(s,5); // s MMING StringReplace Function Returns a string in which a specified substring has been replaced with another substring. Declaration:type  TReplaceFlags   set of  (rfReplaceAll, rfIgnoreCase); function  StringReplace(const  S, OldStr, NewStr:  string; Flags: TReplaceFlags):  string; Description:Returns a string in which a specified substring has been replaced with another substring. If the Flags parameter does not include rfReplaceAll, only the first occurrence of OldStr in S is replaced. Otherwise, all instances of OldStr are replaced by NewStr.  If the Flags parameter includes rfIgnoreCase, the comparison operation is case insensitive. Example: var s : string; s:VB programmers love About VB Programming site; s : ReplaceStr(s,VB,Delphi, [rfReplaceAll]); //sDelphi programmers love About Delphi Programming site; Trim Function Returns a string containing a copy of a specified string without both leading and trailing spaces and control characters. Declaration:  function  Trim(const  S:  string):  string; Description:  Returns a string containing a copy of a specified string without both leading and trailing spaces and non-printing control characters. Example: var s : string; s: Delphi ; s : Trim(s); //sDelphi; UpperCase Function Returns a string that has been converted to uppercase. Declaration:  function  UpperCase(const  S:  string):  string; Description:  Returns a string that has been converted to uppercase.UpperCase only converts lowercase letters to uppercase; all uppercase letters and nonletter characters remain unchanged. Example: var s : string; s:DeLpHi; s : UpperCase(s); //sDELPHI; Val Procedure Converts a string to a numeric value. Declaration:  procedure  Val(const  S:  string;  var  Result;  var  Code: integer); Description:Converts a string to a numeric value. S is a string-type expression; it must be a sequence of characters that form a signed real number. The Result argument can be an Integer or floating-point variable. Code is zero if the conversion is successful. If the string is invalid, the index of the offending character is stored in Code. Val does not heed the local settings for the decimal separator. Example: var s : string; c,i : integer; s:1234; Val(s,i,c); //i1234; //c0